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1 административная игра
Accounting: executive game, functional game, management gameУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > административная игра
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2 управленческая игра
1) Economy: management game (для тренировки руководящих кадров), maxlagement attrition (для тренировки руководящих кадров)2) Accounting: executive game, functional gameУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > управленческая игра
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3 функциональная игра
Accounting: executive game, functional game, management gameУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > функциональная игра
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4 equipo
m.1 team (people).trabajar en equipo to work as a teamequipo de rescate rescue teamequipo de salvamento rescue team2 team (jugadores).un equipo de rugby a rugby teamequipo local/visitante local/visiting team3 equipment (equipamiento).equipo de oficina office equipment4 trousseau.5 system.equipo de alta fidelidad hi-fi systemequipo de sonido sound system6 kit.7 gear.pres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: equipar.* * *1 (prestaciones) equipment2 (ropas, utensilios) outfit, kit3 (de personas) team\equipo de alta fidelidad hi-fi systemequipo de fútbol football teamequipo de música music centre, stereo systemequipo de novia trousseauequipo de salvamento rescue teamgastos de equipo capital expenditure sing* * *noun m.1) crew2) team3) gear, equipment4) kit* * *SM1) (Dep) teamequipo titular — A team, first team
2) [de personas] teamequipo de rescate, equipo de salvamento, equipo de socorro — [civil] rescue team; [militar] rescue squad, rescue unit
equipo médico — medical team, medical unit
3) (=utensilios, accesorios) [gen] equipment; [para deportes] equipment, kitequipo de fumador — smoker's outfit, smoker's accessories
equipo físico — (Inform) hardware
equipo lógico — (Inform) software
equipo rodante — (Ferro) rolling stock
* * *1) (de trabajadores, jugadores) teamel equipo local or de casa — the home team
el equipo de fuera or visitante — the away o visiting team
hacer equipo con alguien — (AmL) to team up with somebody
ser del otro equipo — (AmL fam & pey) to be one of them (colloq & pej)
2) (de materiales, utensilios) equipmentcaerse con todo el equipo — (fam) to mess things up (colloq), to screw up (AmE sl)
•* * *= apparatus, equipment, team, crew, gear, rig, infrastructure, squad.Ex. The abstracts of research papers will typically represent the methodology employed, in particular, apparatus, equipment, tools, materials.Ex. A post-coordinate index depends upon specialised equipment and storage devices.Ex. Guidelines are also valuable introductory material for any new abstractors, whether geographically separated from the remainder of the abstracting team or not.Ex. Phillips has 12 installations with a crew of 15-450 men.Ex. The library is now the greatest treasure house of whaling fact and lore in the world with its collection of logbooks, maps, photographs, manuscripts and whaling gear = Ahora la biblioteca ahora es la mayor fuente inagotable del mundo de datos y tradiciones sobre la caza de ballenas con su colección de diarios de navegación, mapas, fotografías, manuscritos y herramientas para la caza de ballenas.Ex. An adjustable seating rig was used to create the three-dimensional shape of a static lounge chair.Ex. Priority sectors are in energy, industry and infrastructure.Ex. This concept comes mainly from the military, where a designated number of troops make a squad, a platoon, a regiment, etc..----* basado en el trabajo en equipo = team-based.* biblioteconomía en equipo = team librarianship.* colaboración en equipo = collaborative teamwork.* compañero de equipo = teammate.* de aplicación específica a un equipo de ordenador = hardware-based.* dejar fuera del equipo = sideline.* deporte de equipo = team sport.* equipo administrativo = administrative team.* equipo audiovisual = audiovisual equipment.* equipo de atletismo = athletic team.* equipo de búsqueda y rescate = search and rescue team.* equipo de casa = home team.* equipo de casa, el = home side, the.* equipo de dirección = management, management team, administrative team.* equipo de gestión = management team.* equipo de gobierno = administration, governing board, management.* equipo de impresión = press crew.* equipo de investigación = research team.* equipo de lectura de microfilm = microfilm reading equipment.* equipo de mantenimiento = maintenance crew.* equipo de mantenimiento artificial de la vida = life-support system.* equipo de medición topográfica = surveying equipment.* equipo de música = home stereo system, stereo system.* equipo de pesca = fishing tackle, fishing gear, fishing equipment, angling equipment.* equipo deportivo = sports team.* equipo de producción = production team, production equipment.* equipo de protección = protective gear.* equipo de rescate = rescue team.* equipo de salvamento = rescue team.* equipo de sonido = sound system, hi-fi system.* equipo de trabajo = study team, project team, work team.* equipo editorial = editorial team.* equipo especial = skunkwork [skunk work].* equipo informático = computer hardware, computer equipment, computer machinery.* equipo interdisciplinar = cross-functional team.* equipo investigador = research team.* equipo mixto = cross-functional team.* equipo nacional = national team.* equipo para escuchar visitas grabadas = audio tour unit.* equipo protector = protective gear.* equipos ADP (para el proceso automático de datos) = ADP (automatic data processing) equipment.* equipos de calefacción = heating equipment.* equipos de reprografía = reprographic equipment.* equipo solar = solar equipment.* equipo titular = starting team.* equipo topográfico = surveying equipment.* equipo visitante = visiting team.* esfuerzo de equipo = team effort.* espíritu de equipo = team spirit.* fomento de espíritu de equipo = team building.* investigación en equipo = team research.* material y equipos de oficina = office supply and equipment.* partido entre equipos rivales = local derby.* suministrar material de equipo = supply + equipment.* trabajar en equipo = work as + a team.* trabajo en equipo = teamwork, collaborative teamwork, team management.* un equipo de = a team of.* * *1) (de trabajadores, jugadores) teamel equipo local or de casa — the home team
el equipo de fuera or visitante — the away o visiting team
hacer equipo con alguien — (AmL) to team up with somebody
ser del otro equipo — (AmL fam & pey) to be one of them (colloq & pej)
2) (de materiales, utensilios) equipmentcaerse con todo el equipo — (fam) to mess things up (colloq), to screw up (AmE sl)
•* * *= apparatus, equipment, team, crew, gear, rig, infrastructure, squad.Ex: The abstracts of research papers will typically represent the methodology employed, in particular, apparatus, equipment, tools, materials.
Ex: A post-coordinate index depends upon specialised equipment and storage devices.Ex: Guidelines are also valuable introductory material for any new abstractors, whether geographically separated from the remainder of the abstracting team or not.Ex: Phillips has 12 installations with a crew of 15-450 men.Ex: The library is now the greatest treasure house of whaling fact and lore in the world with its collection of logbooks, maps, photographs, manuscripts and whaling gear = Ahora la biblioteca ahora es la mayor fuente inagotable del mundo de datos y tradiciones sobre la caza de ballenas con su colección de diarios de navegación, mapas, fotografías, manuscritos y herramientas para la caza de ballenas.Ex: An adjustable seating rig was used to create the three-dimensional shape of a static lounge chair.Ex: Priority sectors are in energy, industry and infrastructure.Ex: This concept comes mainly from the military, where a designated number of troops make a squad, a platoon, a regiment, etc..* basado en el trabajo en equipo = team-based.* biblioteconomía en equipo = team librarianship.* colaboración en equipo = collaborative teamwork.* compañero de equipo = teammate.* de aplicación específica a un equipo de ordenador = hardware-based.* dejar fuera del equipo = sideline.* deporte de equipo = team sport.* equipo administrativo = administrative team.* equipo audiovisual = audiovisual equipment.* equipo de atletismo = athletic team.* equipo de búsqueda y rescate = search and rescue team.* equipo de casa = home team.* equipo de casa, el = home side, the.* equipo de dirección = management, management team, administrative team.* equipo de gestión = management team.* equipo de gobierno = administration, governing board, management.* equipo de impresión = press crew.* equipo de investigación = research team.* equipo de lectura de microfilm = microfilm reading equipment.* equipo de mantenimiento = maintenance crew.* equipo de mantenimiento artificial de la vida = life-support system.* equipo de medición topográfica = surveying equipment.* equipo de música = home stereo system, stereo system.* equipo de pesca = fishing tackle, fishing gear, fishing equipment, angling equipment.* equipo deportivo = sports team.* equipo de producción = production team, production equipment.* equipo de protección = protective gear.* equipo de rescate = rescue team.* equipo de salvamento = rescue team.* equipo de sonido = sound system, hi-fi system.* equipo de trabajo = study team, project team, work team.* equipo editorial = editorial team.* equipo especial = skunkwork [skunk work].* equipo informático = computer hardware, computer equipment, computer machinery.* equipo interdisciplinar = cross-functional team.* equipo investigador = research team.* equipo mixto = cross-functional team.* equipo nacional = national team.* equipo para escuchar visitas grabadas = audio tour unit.* equipo protector = protective gear.* equipos ADP (para el proceso automático de datos) = ADP (automatic data processing) equipment.* equipos de calefacción = heating equipment.* equipos de reprografía = reprographic equipment.* equipo solar = solar equipment.* equipo titular = starting team.* equipo topográfico = surveying equipment.* equipo visitante = visiting team.* esfuerzo de equipo = team effort.* espíritu de equipo = team spirit.* fomento de espíritu de equipo = team building.* investigación en equipo = team research.* material y equipos de oficina = office supply and equipment.* partido entre equipos rivales = local derby.* suministrar material de equipo = supply + equipment.* trabajar en equipo = work as + a team.* trabajo en equipo = teamwork, collaborative teamwork, team management.* un equipo de = a team of.* * *A ( Dep) team; (de trabajadores, colaboradores) teamun equipo de baloncesto/fútbol a basketball/football teamel equipo local or de casa the home teamel equipo de fuera or visitante the away o visiting teamun equipo de salvamento a rescue teamel equipo de desactivación de explosivos the bomb disposal team o squadtrabajo en equipo team worktrabajamos en equipo we work as a teamel equipo directivo de la empresa the company's management teamhacer equipo con algn ( AmL); to team up with sbCompuestos:research teameditorial staff o teamrescue teamtelevision crewworking group, task forcemedical teamoutside broadcasting unittask forceB (de materiales, utensilios) equipmentse compró el equipo completo de esquí he bought himself all the necessary equipment o ( colloq) all the gear for skiingequipos informáticos computer hardware, hardwareequipo de pesca fishing tackleequipo de fotografía photographic equipmentequipo de gimnasia gym kitCompuestos:hi-fi systemMP3 playersound systemstandard fittings (pl)sound system( Chi) sound system* * *
Del verbo equipar: ( conjugate equipar)
equipo es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
equipó es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
equipar
equipo
equipar ( conjugate equipar) verbo transitivo
equipo a algn con or de algo to equip sb with sth
‹local/barco› to fit out;
( de víveres) to provision;
equipo sustantivo masculino
1 (de trabajadores, jugadores) team;◊ el equipo local/visitante the home/visiting team;
trabajo de equipo team work;
trabajar en equipo to work as a team;
equipo de filmación film crew
2 (de materiales, utensilios) equipment;
equipo de gimnasia gym kit;
equipo de alta fidelidad hi-fi system
equipar verbo transitivo to equip [con, with]
equipo sustantivo masculino
1 (grupo de profesionales) team: juega en un equipo de baloncesto, he plays in a basketball team
tenemos que trabajar en equipo, we've got to work as a team
2 (conjunto de aparatos) equipment: equipo de música, music system
3 (conjunto de ropa, elementos, etc) outfit: me gustaría tener un equipo de bucear, I'd like to have a set of diving equipment
' equipo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
alineación
- bajón
- batir
- combatividad
- compacta
- compacto
- compenetrarse
- componente
- concentración
- confraternizar
- cuadrilla
- efectividad
- enfrentarse
- entrenar
- estruendo
- fuera
- inferioridad
- interdisciplinaria
- interdisciplinario
- líder
- mofarse
- óptima
- óptimo
- parafernalia
- savia
- servidumbre
- socorro
- sonido
- teutón
- teutona
- teutónica
- teutónico
- vencedor
- vencedora
- visitante
- alentar
- alinear
- animador
- arrasar
- ascenso
- baja
- bajar
- barrer
- cabeza
- compañero
- componer
- contrario
- delantera
- derrotado
- derrotar
English:
apparatus
- audio
- boom box
- crew
- cut out
- deck
- defeat
- do-it-yourself
- electrical equipment
- equipment
- field
- forfeit
- gear
- goalkeeper
- goose
- hi-fi
- integral
- kit
- letdown
- lick
- opposing
- outfit
- part-payment
- place
- preclude
- promote
- pull out
- retrofit
- row
- scapegoat
- side
- spirit
- squad
- standard
- stretcher party
- surgical
- tackle
- team
- team-game
- team-mate
- teamwork
- unbeatable
- unit
- up-to-date
- visiting team
- winning
- ahead
- behalf
- color
- drop
* * *equipo nm1. [de trabajadores, profesionales, voluntarios] team;un equipo de extinción de incendios a fire-fighting team;trabajar en equipo to work as a team;trabajo en equipo teamworkequipo de rescate rescue team;equipo de salvamento rescue team2. [de jugadores, atletas] team;un equipo de rugby a rugby team;deportes de equipo team sportsequipo local local team;equipo visitante visiting team3. [equipamiento] equipment;un equipo de submarinismo scuba diving equipment;ya tiene listo el equipo de esquí he has got his skiing gear ready now;Fam equipo de oficina office equipment;equipo de primeros auxilios first-aid kit;equipo quirúrgico surgical instruments4. [indumentaria] [de novia] trousseau;[de soldado] kit; [de colegial] uniform; [de deportista] strip Arg equipo buzo tracksuit5. [de música] systemequipo de alta fidelidad hi-fi system;equipo de música music o sound system;equipo de sonido sound system* * *m1 DEP team2:equipo investigador investigating team3 accesorios equipment;equipo de esquiar skiing equipment;caerse con todo el equipo fig fam fall flat* * *equipo nm1) : team, crew2) : gear, equipment* * *equipo n1. (personas, jugadores) team2. (ropa, utensilios) gear / kit¿has traído tu equipo de tenis? have you brought your tennis gear?3. (equipamiento) equipmentequipo de música hi fi / stereo -
5 brío
m.1 zest, courage, energy, pep.2 determination.* * *1 (espíritu) spirit, verve; (de motor) go2 (pujanza) strength3 (resolución) determination4 (valentía) courage* * *SM1) (=ánimo) spirit, vervees hombre de bríos — he's a man of spirit, he's a man of mettle
2) (=decisión) determination3) (=elegancia) elegance* * *a) (ánimo, energía) spirittocaron el primer movimiento con gran brío — they played the first movement with great gusto o verve
luchó con brío — he fought with great spirit o determination
b) ( de caballo) spirit* * *= zest, verve, pizzazz, elan, oomph, thrust, pep.Ex. In the humanistic perspective, the concern is with potential, unique capabilities, and dignity -- with a dash of joy to add zest.Ex. Much of the verve and shimmer of her lyrics can be connected to the near-fatal liver abscess she suffered in 1996.Ex. I wanted to show them an application which not only was database functional, but which itself had some pizzazz as a website.Ex. It is a perky love story filmed with wonderful elan in black and white.Ex. Many recent commentators speak as if they think that computers can painlessly deliver the oomph we need in curriculum.Ex. The National IT plan proposes 7 building blocks each with a strategic thrust which will serve as the overall impetus for the national IT movement.Ex. Not a lot of pep however, so this might be the day to curl up with a really challenging book or game.* * *a) (ánimo, energía) spirittocaron el primer movimiento con gran brío — they played the first movement with great gusto o verve
luchó con brío — he fought with great spirit o determination
b) ( de caballo) spirit* * *= zest, verve, pizzazz, elan, oomph, thrust, pep.Ex: In the humanistic perspective, the concern is with potential, unique capabilities, and dignity -- with a dash of joy to add zest.
Ex: Much of the verve and shimmer of her lyrics can be connected to the near-fatal liver abscess she suffered in 1996.Ex: I wanted to show them an application which not only was database functional, but which itself had some pizzazz as a website.Ex: It is a perky love story filmed with wonderful elan in black and white.Ex: Many recent commentators speak as if they think that computers can painlessly deliver the oomph we need in curriculum.Ex: The National IT plan proposes 7 building blocks each with a strategic thrust which will serve as the overall impetus for the national IT movement.Ex: Not a lot of pep however, so this might be the day to curl up with a really challenging book or game.* * *1 (ánimo, energía) spiritun equipo joven y con bríos a young team with a lot of spiritla orquesta atacó el primer movimiento con gran brío the orchestra launched into the first movement with great gusto o vervecantaron con brío they sang with great energy o verve o gustoluchó con bríos he fought with great spirit o determination2 (de un caballo) spirit* * *
brío sustantivo masculino
◊ luchó con brío he fought with great spirit o determination
brío sustantivo masculino vigour, zeal, spirit: se puso a escalar con mucho brío, he started climbing very energetically
' brío' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
ímpetu
English:
get-up-and-go
- spirited
- spring
- verve
- zestfully
- zip
- gusto
- sprightly
* * *brío nm1. [energía, decisión] spirit;con brío spiritedly;trabajaba con mucho brío she was a very energetic worker2. [de caballo] spirit* * *m fig famverve, spirit* * *brío nm1) : force, determination2) : spirit, verve -
6 dinamismo
m.dynamism.* * *1 dynamism* * *SM dynamism* * *masculino dynamism, energy* * *= dynamism, proaction, vibrance, vibrancy, pizzazz, pep.Ex. The dynamism of a continent-wide free society drawn from many strains depended on more people having access to more knowledge to be used in more ways = El dinamismo de una sociedad continental libre compuesta de muchas razas dependía de que un mayor número de personas tuviera acceso a un mayor conocimiento para que se utilizara de más formas diferentes.Ex. Based on their experience of mutual benefit over the past 3 years, both university libraries have transformed the goal of their interinstitutional agreement from protection to proaction.Ex. Our South American Colleagues will have the opportunity of a lifetime, to experience the vibrance of the meeting of minds, as well as the forging of communities of practice across time zones, distance and linguistic barriers = Nuestros colegas sudamericanos tendrán la oportunidad de su vida de experimentar la vitalidad de este encuentro de expertos así como la creación de lazos profesionales por encima de barreras lingüísticas, de espacio y de tiempo.Ex. The success of the national library is related to the vibrancy of local and national publishing.Ex. I wanted to show them an application which not only was database functional, but which itself had some pizzazz as a website.Ex. Not a lot of pep however, so this might be the day to curl up with a really challenging book or game.----* con dinamismo = proactively [pro-actively], vivaciously.* * *masculino dynamism, energy* * *= dynamism, proaction, vibrance, vibrancy, pizzazz, pep.Ex: The dynamism of a continent-wide free society drawn from many strains depended on more people having access to more knowledge to be used in more ways = El dinamismo de una sociedad continental libre compuesta de muchas razas dependía de que un mayor número de personas tuviera acceso a un mayor conocimiento para que se utilizara de más formas diferentes.
Ex: Based on their experience of mutual benefit over the past 3 years, both university libraries have transformed the goal of their interinstitutional agreement from protection to proaction.Ex: Our South American Colleagues will have the opportunity of a lifetime, to experience the vibrance of the meeting of minds, as well as the forging of communities of practice across time zones, distance and linguistic barriers = Nuestros colegas sudamericanos tendrán la oportunidad de su vida de experimentar la vitalidad de este encuentro de expertos así como la creación de lazos profesionales por encima de barreras lingüísticas, de espacio y de tiempo.Ex: The success of the national library is related to the vibrancy of local and national publishing.Ex: I wanted to show them an application which not only was database functional, but which itself had some pizzazz as a website.Ex: Not a lot of pep however, so this might be the day to curl up with a really challenging book or game.* con dinamismo = proactively [pro-actively], vivaciously.* * *dynamism, energy* * *dinamismo nm[de persona] dynamism, drive; [de mercado, sector] dynamism; [de estilo, obra] dynamism, verve* * *m dynamism -
7 energía
f.1 energy, activeness, pep, vitality.2 energy, capacity to produce work, power.* * *1 energy, power2 figurado vigour (US vigor)\energía cinética kinetic energyenergía eléctrica electric powerenergía hidráulica water powerenergía nuclear nuclear powerenergía vital figurado vitality* * *noun f.* * *SF1) (=fuerza) energy, drive2) (Téc) power, energyenergía eléctrica — electric power, electricity
* * *1) (Fís) energy2)a) (vigor, empuje) energyb) ( firmeza) firmnesstienes que tratarlo con más energía — you must be firmer o stricter with him
* * *= drive, energy, fuel, power, liveliness, verve, pizzazz, oomph, pep.Ex. Hierarchical bibliometry would act as a positive drive to support the authorship requirements now stipulated by some international editorial committees.Ex. Ranganathan proposed five basic types of facets which may occur in many subject fields: personality, matter, energy, space, time.Ex. The librarians have instituted a series of campaigns, including displays and leaflets on specific issues, eg energy conservation and fuel debt, rent and rates rebates, and school grants.Ex. She added that she felt sorry for the assistant because he had so little power.Ex. To infuse into that basic form an element of linguistic liveliness and wit, which marks out the best adult reviewers, is to ask far more than most children can hope to achieve.Ex. Much of the verve and shimmer of her lyrics can be connected to the near-fatal liver abscess she suffered in 1996.Ex. I wanted to show them an application which not only was database functional, but which itself had some pizzazz as a website.Ex. Many recent commentators speak as if they think that computers can painlessly deliver the oomph we need in curriculum.Ex. Not a lot of pep however, so this might be the day to curl up with a really challenging book or game.----* ahorrar energía = save + energy.* ahorro de energía = energy conservation, energy saving, savings in energy.* compañía de suministro de energía = energy company.* Comunidad Europea de la Energía Atómica (Euratom o EAEC) = European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom/EAEC).* con energía = powerfully.* con mucha energía = high energy.* consumir energía = consume + energy, take up + energy.* conversión de la energía = energy conversion.* dar energía = energise [energize, -USA].* de alta energía = high energy.* dedicar energía = expend + energy.* derrochar energía = waste + energy.* energía atómica = nuclear power.* energía atómmica = atomic energy.* energía cinética = kinetic energy.* energía del mar = ocean energy.* energía del petróleo = petroleum energy.* energía eléctrica = electric power, power, electrical power.* energía eólica = wind energy, wind power.* energía espiritual = spiritual energy.* energía geotérmica = geothermal energy.* energía hidroeléctrica = hydroelectric power.* energía humana = human energy.* energía negativa = bad vibes.* energía no renovable = non-renewable energy.* energía nuclear = nuclear energy, nuclear power.* energía positiva = vibrations, good vibes.* energía producto de la fisión = fission energy.* energía renovable = renewable energy.* energía solar = solar energy.* energía térmica = thermal power.* energía termosolar = thermal solar power.* energía vital = life force.* faceta de Energía = Energy facet.* física de altas energías = high energy physics.* fuente de energía = energy source, source of energy, power source.* fuente de energía(s) alternativa(s) = alternative energy source.* generador de energía eléctrica = power generator, power unit, electrical generator.* generador de energía solar = solar energy generator.* impulsado por energía eólica = wind-powered.* infundir energía = energise [energize, -USA].* liberar energía = blow off + steam, let off + steam.* lleno de energía = energetic, feisty [feistier -comp., feistiest -sup.], full of beans.* modo de ahorro de energía = power save mode.* pletórico de energía = full of beans.* que consume mucha energía = energy-intensive, power-hungry.* que funciona con energía eólica = wind-powered.* rebosante de energía y lleno de entusiasmo = all bright-eyed and bushy-tailed.* rebosante de vida y energía = all bright-eyed and bushy-tailed.* recobrar energía = get + a second wind.* recobrar la energía = regain + Posesivo + strength.* recuperación de la energía = second wind.* recuperar la energía = regain + Posesivo + strength.* sin energía = lethargic.* transformación de la energía = energy conversion.* * *1) (Fís) energy2)a) (vigor, empuje) energyb) ( firmeza) firmnesstienes que tratarlo con más energía — you must be firmer o stricter with him
* * *= drive, energy, fuel, power, liveliness, verve, pizzazz, oomph, pep.Ex: Hierarchical bibliometry would act as a positive drive to support the authorship requirements now stipulated by some international editorial committees.
Ex: Ranganathan proposed five basic types of facets which may occur in many subject fields: personality, matter, energy, space, time.Ex: The librarians have instituted a series of campaigns, including displays and leaflets on specific issues, eg energy conservation and fuel debt, rent and rates rebates, and school grants.Ex: She added that she felt sorry for the assistant because he had so little power.Ex: To infuse into that basic form an element of linguistic liveliness and wit, which marks out the best adult reviewers, is to ask far more than most children can hope to achieve.Ex: Much of the verve and shimmer of her lyrics can be connected to the near-fatal liver abscess she suffered in 1996.Ex: I wanted to show them an application which not only was database functional, but which itself had some pizzazz as a website.Ex: Many recent commentators speak as if they think that computers can painlessly deliver the oomph we need in curriculum.Ex: Not a lot of pep however, so this might be the day to curl up with a really challenging book or game.* ahorrar energía = save + energy.* ahorro de energía = energy conservation, energy saving, savings in energy.* compañía de suministro de energía = energy company.* Comunidad Europea de la Energía Atómica (Euratom o EAEC) = European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom/EAEC).* con energía = powerfully.* con mucha energía = high energy.* consumir energía = consume + energy, take up + energy.* conversión de la energía = energy conversion.* dar energía = energise [energize, -USA].* de alta energía = high energy.* dedicar energía = expend + energy.* derrochar energía = waste + energy.* energía atómica = nuclear power.* energía atómmica = atomic energy.* energía cinética = kinetic energy.* energía del mar = ocean energy.* energía del petróleo = petroleum energy.* energía eléctrica = electric power, power, electrical power.* energía eólica = wind energy, wind power.* energía espiritual = spiritual energy.* energía geotérmica = geothermal energy.* energía hidroeléctrica = hydroelectric power.* energía humana = human energy.* energía negativa = bad vibes.* energía no renovable = non-renewable energy.* energía nuclear = nuclear energy, nuclear power.* energía positiva = vibrations, good vibes.* energía producto de la fisión = fission energy.* energía renovable = renewable energy.* energía solar = solar energy.* energía térmica = thermal power.* energía termosolar = thermal solar power.* energía vital = life force.* faceta de Energía = Energy facet.* física de altas energías = high energy physics.* fuente de energía = energy source, source of energy, power source.* fuente de energía(s) alternativa(s) = alternative energy source.* generador de energía eléctrica = power generator, power unit, electrical generator.* generador de energía solar = solar energy generator.* impulsado por energía eólica = wind-powered.* infundir energía = energise [energize, -USA].* liberar energía = blow off + steam, let off + steam.* lleno de energía = energetic, feisty [feistier -comp., feistiest -sup.], full of beans.* modo de ahorro de energía = power save mode.* pletórico de energía = full of beans.* que consume mucha energía = energy-intensive, power-hungry.* que funciona con energía eólica = wind-powered.* rebosante de energía y lleno de entusiasmo = all bright-eyed and bushy-tailed.* rebosante de vida y energía = all bright-eyed and bushy-tailed.* recobrar energía = get + a second wind.* recobrar la energía = regain + Posesivo + strength.* recuperación de la energía = second wind.* recuperar la energía = regain + Posesivo + strength.* sin energía = lethargic.* transformación de la energía = energy conversion.* * *A ( Fís) energyderroche de energía waste of energyconsumo de energía energy consumptionfuentes de energía sources of energyCompuestos:atomic powerkinetic energyelectricity, electric powerwind powerwater powernuclear power, nuclear energysolar power, solar energyB1 (vigor, empuje) energylo acometió con energía he undertook it with great vigor o with great energy o very energeticallyme siento cansada y sin energía(s) I feel tired and lacking in energyprotestar con energía to protest vigorously2 (firmeza) firmnesstienes que tratarlo con más energía you must be firmer o stricter with him* * *
energía sustantivo femenino
1 (Fís) energy;◊ energía nuclear/solar nuclear/solar power
2
está lleno de energía he's very energetic
energía sustantivo femenino
1 energy: nos enseñaron una central de energía solar, they showed us round a solar power station
energía eléctrica, electricity
energía nuclear, nuclear power
2 (de una persona) energy, vitality
' energía' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
central
- decaer
- eólica
- eólico
- EURATOM
- gastar
- hidráulica
- hidráulico
- savia
- solar
- absorber
- ahorrar
- brío
- consumir
- dirigir
- emplear
- fuerza
- ímpetu
- pérdida
- transportar
- vigor
English:
bean
- bounce
- burst
- drive
- energy
- go
- harness
- life
- nuclear energy
- power
- solar-powered
- sprightliness
- stamina
- bursting
- energetic
- nuclear
- pep
- wind
* * *energía nf1. [para máquina, sistema] power, energy;[para el cuerpo, organismo] energy;fuentes de energía sources of energy;el aporte necesario de energía para el organismo the body's energy needsenergías alternativas alternative energy sources;energía atómica nuclear power o energy;energía calórica heat energy;Fís energía cinética kinetic energy;energía eléctrica electric energy;energía eólica wind energy o power;energía geotérmica geothermal energy o power;energía hidráulica water power;energía hidroeléctrica hydroelectric power;energía limpia clean energy;energía mareomotriz tidal o wave energy;energía nuclear nuclear power o energy;Fís energía potencial potential energy;energía radiante radiant energy;energías renovables renewable forms of energy;energía solar solar energy o power;energía térmica thermal energy o power2. [vigor físico] energy;su trabajo le resta energías his work doesn't leave him much energy;hay que empujar con energía you have to push hard3. [actitud] vigour, forcefulness;defendió su postura con energía she energetically defended her position;respondió con energía he responded emphatically* * *f energy;abrir la puerta con energía fling open the door* * *energía nf: energy* * *energía n1. (fuerza) energy / powerenergía solar solar energy / solar power2. (capacidad) energy -
8 mantener
v.1 to keep.mantener algo en buen estado to keep something in good conditionmantener una promesa to keep a promisemantener la calma to stay calmLos mantengo trabajando I keep them working.Ellos mantienen el proyecto They maintain the project.2 to support (with scaffold, columns).mantén los brazos en alto keep your arms in the air3 to support.con su sueldo mantiene a toda la familia he has to support o keep his whole family with his wages4 to have (relationships, conversations).mantener relaciones con alguien to have a relationship with somebody5 to stick to (to defend) (conviction).mantiene su inocencia she maintains that she is innocentmantiene que no la vió he maintains that he didn't see her6 to maintain, to keep, to conserve, to hold.Ellos mantienen unas mantas They maintain some bedcovers.Mantiene sus mismas creencias de antes He keeps his old views.Ellos mantienen su opinión They maintain their opinion.María mantiene a su hijo Mary maintains=provides for her son.Ella mantiene su declaración She maintains her declaration.7 to claim to, to hold to, to maintain to.Ellos mantienen haber limpiado They claim to have cleaned.* * *1 (conservar) to keep■ 'Mantenga Zamora limpia' "Keep Zamora tidy"2 (tener) to keep■ 'Mantener en posición vertical' "Keep vertical"■ 'Mantener fuera del alcance de los niños' "Keep out of the reach of children"3 (sostener) to support, hold up, hold■ no sé como se mantiene en pie con lo que ha bebido I don't know how he can stand up after having drunk so much4 (sustentar) to support, maintain5 (afirmación etc) to maintain■ pues yo mantengo que no es verdad well, I maintain that it is not true6 (conversación, relaciones) to have; (reunión) to hold, have; (correspondencia) to keep up; (promesa, palabra) to keep1 (sostenerse) to remain, stand2 (continuar en un estado, una posición) to keep3 (sustenerse) to manage, maintain oneself, support oneself4 (alimentarse) to eat, live■ se mantiene a base de fruta she lives on fruit, she eats only fruit\mantener algo en secreto to keep something secretmantenerse aparte to stay out of it, not get involvedmantenerse en contacto con to stay in contact withmantenerse en forma to keep in shape, keep in trim, keep fitmantenerse en pie to stand, remain standingmantenerse en sus trece to stick to one's gunsmantenerse vivo,-a to stay alive* * *verb1) to keep2) maintain3) hold4) support5) sustain* * *1. VT1) (=sostener) [gen] to hold; [+ puente, techo] to support2) (=preservar)a) [en un lugar] to store, keep"manténgase en un lugar fresco y seco" — "store in a cool dry place"
b) [en un estado o situación] to keepraya I, 1)•
mantener algo en equilibrio — to balance sth, keep sth balanced3) (=conservar) [+ opinión] to maintain, hold; [+ costumbre, ideales] to keep up, maintain; [+ disciplina] to maintain, keep; [+ promesa] to keepun alto porcentaje mantenía su opinión sobre la crisis — a high percentage maintained o held their opinion about the crisis
me marcho manteniendo mi opinión — I'm leaving, but I stand by my opinion
una civilización que lucha por mantener sus tradiciones — a civilization struggling to uphold o maintain its traditions
eran partidarios de mantener el antiguo orden social — they were in favour of preserving the old social order
•
al conducir hay que mantener la distancia de seguridad — you have to keep (at) a safe distance when drivinghemos conseguido mantener el equilibrio entre ingresos y gastos — we have managed to maintain a balance between income and expenditure
•
mantener la línea — to keep one's figure, keep in shapecalma, distancia•
mantener la paz — to keep the peace, maintain peace4) [económicamente] to support, maintainya no pienso mantenerla más — I refuse to keep o support o maintain her any longer
5) [+ conversación, contacto] to maintain, holdes incapaz de mantener una conversación coherente — he is incapable of maintaining o holding a coherent conversation
en las conversaciones que hemos mantenido con el presidente — in the talks we have held with the president
correspondencia 2)¿han mantenido ustedes relaciones sexuales? — have you had sexual relations?
6) (=afirmar) to maintain2.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1) ( económicamente) <familia/persona> to support, maintain; < perro> to keep; < amante> to keep2)a) (conservar, preservar) to keepmantener la calma/la compostura — to keep calm/one's composure
b) (cierto estado, cierta situación) (+ compl) to keepmantenga limpia su ciudad — keep Norwich (o York etc) tidy
3)a) < conversaciones> to have; < contactos> to maintain, keep up; < correspondencia> to keep up; < relaciones> to maintainb) ( cumplir) <promesa/palabra> to keep4) (afirmar, sostener) to maintain2.mantenerse verbo pronominal1) ( sustentarse económicamente) to support oneself2) (en cierto estado, cierta situación) (+ compl) to keep3) ( alimentarse)* * *= hold together, keep, maintain, maintain, preserve, retain, store, support, sustain, uphold, hold, service, carry on, keep + Nombre + going, operate, hold on to.Ex. The organization was trembling on the brink of financial disaster, and only the journal, American Documentation, was holding it together.Ex. Guard book or scrapbook type arrangement, with possibly a loose-leaf format, is suitable for organising and keeping cuttings, letters and other small items.Ex. Expressiveness can be difficult to maintain as new subjects are added.Ex. They maintain, in an article written for Library Resources and Technical Services (LRTS) 'that automated cataloging systems have addressed only half of the problems of maintaining a library catalog'.Ex. The concepts are organised into facets, and the facets are arranged and applied in such a way that the general to special order is preserved.Ex. At an earlier stage, the Library of Congress had decided to retain certain pre-AACR headings, in order to avoid the expense of extensive recataloguing.Ex. The records in a computer data base are structured in order to suit the information that is being stored for various applications.Ex. In order to support these three elements, and to ensure that schemes are updated it is important to have some organisation which takes responsibility for revision and publication.Ex. Publishers in the United Stated benefit from a larger home market which serves to sustain the production of an information tool.Ex. It's about time that we go back to these principles and make sure that the quality of cataloging is upheld.Ex. Some theorists hold that one stage must be completely worked through before the next stage can be entered.Ex. Special storage facilities have been constructed which are at present serviced manually but will soon be computerised.Ex. If a child detects that no very strong value is placed on reading then he feels no compulsion to develop his own reading skill beyond the minimal, functional level we all need simply to carry on our daily lives in our print-dominated society.Ex. The author explains how libraries can keep their services going without being slaves to the job.Ex. These references operate in a similar fashion whether they are used to link authors' names or subject headings.Ex. The girls were swept away by the water as they failed to hold on to the bus stand.----* capacidad de mantener la atención = attention span.* debate + mantenerse = debate + rage.* de mantener una conversación = conversational.* el que mantiene a la familia = breadwinner [bread winner].* mantener a Alguien alerta = keep + Nombre + on + Posesivo + toes.* mantener a Alguien atento = keep + Nombre + on + Posesivo + toes.* mantener a Alguien en vilo = keep + Nombre + on + Posesivo + toes.* mantener a Alguien informado de = keep + Nombre + posted on.* mantener activo = keep + Nombre + going.* mantener a flote = keep + afloat.* mantener a la par de = keep up with.* mantener alejado = keep away, keep + Nombre + out.* mantener Algo abierto = hold + Nombre + open.* mantener Algo activo = keep + Nombre + at the fore.* mantener Algo alejado = keep + Nombre + at arm's length.* mantener Algo al mínimo = keep + Nombre + at a minimum.* mantener Algo a salvo = keep + Nombre + out of harm's way.* mantener Algo controlado = keep + Nombre + in check.* mantener Algo en el buen camino = keep + Nombre + on track.* mantener Algo en equilibrio = keep + Nombre + in balance.* mantener Algo en la dirección correcta = keep + Nombre + on track.* mantener Algo en orden = keep + Nombre + in order.* mantener Algo fuera de peligro = keep + Nombre + out of harm's way.* mantener Algo ordenado = keep + Nombre + tidy, keep + Nombre + in order.* mantener Algo vivo = keep + the flame alive, keep + Nombre + at the fore.* mantener al ralentí = idle.* mantener a mano = keep to + hand.* mantener aparte = keep + separate.* mantener a raya = keep at + bay, hold off, keep + Nombre + in line, hold at + bay.* mantener bajo control = keep + a rein on.* mantener bajo vigilancia = keep under + observation.* mantener constancia de = keep + record of.* mantener contacto = maintain + contact.* mantener control = hold + the reins of control.* mantener cooperación = maintain + cooperation.* mantener dentro = keep + Nombre + in.* mantener el control = stay in + control.* mantener el ímpetu = maintain + momentum.* mantener el interés = hold + the interest.* mantener el orden = keep + order, police.* mantener el orden público = maintain + public order.* mantener el ritmo = keep + pace.* mantener el tipo = keep + a stiff upper lip.* mantener en observación = hold under + observation, keep under + observation.* mantener en privado = be out of the public eye.* mantener en reserva = keep on + reserve, keep in + reserve.* mantener en secreto = keep + secret, keep + hush hush, keep + confidential, keep + Nombre + under wraps.* mantener en sintonía = keep in + step.* mantener firme = keep + steady, hold in + line, hold + steady.* mantener informado = keep + informed.* mantener junto = keep together.* mantener la atención de Alguien = hold + Posesivo + attention.* mantener la boca cerrada = keep + Posesivo + mouth shut.* mantener la bola rodando = keep + the ball rolling.* mantener la cabeza = keep + Posesivo + head, keep + Posesivo + head together.* mantener la cabeza alta = hold + Posesivo + head high.* mantener la cabeza fría = keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.* mantener la calma = keep + Posesivo + head, keep + Posesivo + head together, keep + Pronombre + cool, remain + cool-headed, keep + a cool head, play it + cool.* mantener la coherencia = maintain + consistency.* mantener la compostura = keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.* mantener la condición (de) = retain + Posesivo + status (as).* mantener la continuidad = maintain + continuity.* mantener la delantera = keep + ahead.* mantener la disciplina = maintain + discipline.* mantener la palabra = keep + Posesivo + word, live up to + Posesivo + word.* mantener la posición = hold + the line.* mantener las apariencias = keep up + appearances.* mantener las cosas en marcha = keep + the ball rolling, keep + it rolling.* mantener las cosas en movimiento = keep + the ball rolling, keep + it rolling.* mantener las cosas funcionando = keep + the ball rolling, keep + it rolling.* mantener las cuentas = keep + Posesivo + accounts.* mantener las distancias con = keep + Nombre + at arm's length.* mantener la serenidad = keep + Pronombre + cool, keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.* mantener la tradición = keep with + tradition.* mantener la vida = sustain + life.* mantener libre de = keep + free of.* mantener los ojos bien abiertos = keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open, keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned.* mantener los precios = hold + prices down.* mantener oculto = keep + Nombre + under wraps.* mantener ocupado = keep + busy.* mantener ordenado = keep + Nombre + neat and tidy.* mantener presente = keep before.* mantener presionado = hold down.* mantener registro de = keep + record of.* mantener relaciones = maintain + contact, maintain + relationships, maintain + relations.* mantener relaciones comerciales = do + business.* mantenerse actualizado = keep up to + date (with).* mantenerse actualizado de = keep + abreast of.* mantenerse a distancia = stand off.* mantenerse a flote = keep + Posesivo + head above the water, keep + the wolves from the door, stay + afloat, stay in + business.* mantenerse aislado = keep to + Reflexivo.* mantenerse a la cabeza = stay + ahead of the pack.* mantenerse a la escucha = stay + tuned.* mantenerse al corriente = keep + current.* mantenerse al corriente de = keep + abreast of, stay + abreast of, keep + track of.* mantenerse al día = keep up to + date (with), keep up with + the current scene, keep + current.* mantenerse al día de = keep + abreast of, keep + pace with, keep up with, stay + abreast of, keep + a finger on the pulse of, stay in + step with, keep in + step with, keep + step with.* mantenerse al día de las noticias = keep up with + the news.* mantenerse al día de los avances = track + developments.* mantenerse alejado = stay away, remain + aloof.* mantenerse alejado de = stay away from, steer + clear of, give + Nombre + a wide berth, steer away from.* mantenerse alejado de la mirada del público = shun + the public eye, keep out of + the public eye.* mantenerse alejado de la mirada pública = shun + the public eye, keep out of + the public eye.* mantenerse alejado de + Nombre = keep + Nombre + at a distance.* mantenerse alerta = keep + alert, keep + an eye open, keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.* mantenerse al frente = keep + ahead.* mantenerse al margen = keep to + Reflexivo, take + a back seat, stand by, remain on + the sidelines.* mantenerse al margen de = remain + uninvolved in, hold + Reflexivo + apart from.* mantenerse al margen de Algo = stay above + Algo.* mantenerse al tanto = stay + tuned.* mantenerse al tanto de = keep in + sync, keep + a finger on the pulse of, keep + track of, stay in + step with, keep in + step with, keep + step with.* mantenerse al tanto de las cosas = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.* mantenerse al tanto de las noticias = keep up with + the news.* mantenerse al tanto de los avances = track + developments.* mantenerse atento = keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.* mantenerse atento a lo que ocurre alrededor = have + an ear to the ground, keep + Posesivo + ear to the ground.* mantenerse bien = keep + well.* mantenerse caliente = keep + warm.* mantenerse callado = keep + quiet.* mantenerse callado y pensativo con cierto resentimiento = brood.* mantenerse como válido = hold up.* mantener secreto = keep + secret.* mantenerse despierto = keep + alert, stay + awake.* mantenerse en buen estado físico = keep + fit.* mantenerse en contacto = stay + tuned.* mantenerse en contacto (con) = keep in + touch (with), stay in + touch (with).* mantenerse en espera = stay + tuned.* mantenerse en forma = keep + fit.* mantenerse en línea con = keep in + line with.* mantenerse en pie = hold + Posesivo + own.* mantenerse en + Posesivo + trece = stick to + Posesivo + guns.* mantenerse en sincronía = keep in + sync.* mantenerse en su sitio = stand + Posesivo + ground.* mantenerse en sus trece = stand + Posesivo + ground.* mantenerse fiel a = stick with.* mantenerse fiel a los principios de Uno = stick to + Posesivo + principles.* mantenerse firme = stand + Posesivo + ground, stick to + Posesivo + guns.* mantenerse impasible = keep + a stiff upper lip.* mantenerse informado = keep up to + date (with), keep + current.* mantenerse informado de = keep + abreast of.* mantenerse lejos de = steer + clear of, give + Nombre + a wide berth, steer away from.* mantenerse líder = stay + ahead of the pack.* mantener(se) ocupado = keep + busy.* mantener separado = keep apart.* mantenerse por delante = keep + ahead.* mantenerse por delante de la competencia = keep + one step ahead of the game, keep + one step ahead of the competition.* mantenerse unidos = stick together.* mantenerse vigente = hold + Posesivo + own.* mantener silencio = keep + silent, keep + silence.* mantener sincronizado = keep in + step.* mantener suspenso en el aire = suspend.* mantener todo controlado = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.* mantener una actitud = hold + attitude.* mantener una actitud abierta = be open-minded.* mantener una apariencia de = maintain + a semblance of.* mantener una conversación = hold + conversation.* mantener una opinión = hold + view, hold + opinion.* mantener una promesa = keep + Posesivo + promise.* mantener una relación con = carry on + relationship with.* mantener un concepto = hold + concept.* mantener un control férreo sobre = hold + an iron grip on.* mantener un debate = hold + discussion.* mantener un equilibrio = balance, maintain + a balance, keep + a balance.* mantener un estándar = uphold + standard.* mantener un interés = pursue + interest.* mantener un registro = keep + log.* mantener un registro de = keep + track of, record.* mantener un sistema de turnos = hold + a rota of.* mantener vigente = keep + alive.* mantener vivo = keep + alive, maintain + momentum, keep + Nombre + going.* máquina que mantiene las constantes vitales = life-support system.* para mantener(se) ocupado = keep-busy.* voluntad de mantener Algo en secreto = secretiveness.* * *1.verbo transitivo1) ( económicamente) <familia/persona> to support, maintain; < perro> to keep; < amante> to keep2)a) (conservar, preservar) to keepmantener la calma/la compostura — to keep calm/one's composure
b) (cierto estado, cierta situación) (+ compl) to keepmantenga limpia su ciudad — keep Norwich (o York etc) tidy
3)a) < conversaciones> to have; < contactos> to maintain, keep up; < correspondencia> to keep up; < relaciones> to maintainb) ( cumplir) <promesa/palabra> to keep4) (afirmar, sostener) to maintain2.mantenerse verbo pronominal1) ( sustentarse económicamente) to support oneself2) (en cierto estado, cierta situación) (+ compl) to keep3) ( alimentarse)* * *= hold together, keep, maintain, maintain, preserve, retain, store, support, sustain, uphold, hold, service, carry on, keep + Nombre + going, operate, hold on to.Ex: The organization was trembling on the brink of financial disaster, and only the journal, American Documentation, was holding it together.
Ex: Guard book or scrapbook type arrangement, with possibly a loose-leaf format, is suitable for organising and keeping cuttings, letters and other small items.Ex: Expressiveness can be difficult to maintain as new subjects are added.Ex: They maintain, in an article written for Library Resources and Technical Services (LRTS) 'that automated cataloging systems have addressed only half of the problems of maintaining a library catalog'.Ex: The concepts are organised into facets, and the facets are arranged and applied in such a way that the general to special order is preserved.Ex: At an earlier stage, the Library of Congress had decided to retain certain pre-AACR headings, in order to avoid the expense of extensive recataloguing.Ex: The records in a computer data base are structured in order to suit the information that is being stored for various applications.Ex: In order to support these three elements, and to ensure that schemes are updated it is important to have some organisation which takes responsibility for revision and publication.Ex: Publishers in the United Stated benefit from a larger home market which serves to sustain the production of an information tool.Ex: It's about time that we go back to these principles and make sure that the quality of cataloging is upheld.Ex: Some theorists hold that one stage must be completely worked through before the next stage can be entered.Ex: Special storage facilities have been constructed which are at present serviced manually but will soon be computerised.Ex: If a child detects that no very strong value is placed on reading then he feels no compulsion to develop his own reading skill beyond the minimal, functional level we all need simply to carry on our daily lives in our print-dominated society.Ex: The author explains how libraries can keep their services going without being slaves to the job.Ex: These references operate in a similar fashion whether they are used to link authors' names or subject headings.Ex: The girls were swept away by the water as they failed to hold on to the bus stand.* capacidad de mantener la atención = attention span.* debate + mantenerse = debate + rage.* de mantener una conversación = conversational.* el que mantiene a la familia = breadwinner [bread winner].* mantener a Alguien alerta = keep + Nombre + on + Posesivo + toes.* mantener a Alguien atento = keep + Nombre + on + Posesivo + toes.* mantener a Alguien en vilo = keep + Nombre + on + Posesivo + toes.* mantener a Alguien informado de = keep + Nombre + posted on.* mantener activo = keep + Nombre + going.* mantener a flote = keep + afloat.* mantener a la par de = keep up with.* mantener alejado = keep away, keep + Nombre + out.* mantener Algo abierto = hold + Nombre + open.* mantener Algo activo = keep + Nombre + at the fore.* mantener Algo alejado = keep + Nombre + at arm's length.* mantener Algo al mínimo = keep + Nombre + at a minimum.* mantener Algo a salvo = keep + Nombre + out of harm's way.* mantener Algo controlado = keep + Nombre + in check.* mantener Algo en el buen camino = keep + Nombre + on track.* mantener Algo en equilibrio = keep + Nombre + in balance.* mantener Algo en la dirección correcta = keep + Nombre + on track.* mantener Algo en orden = keep + Nombre + in order.* mantener Algo fuera de peligro = keep + Nombre + out of harm's way.* mantener Algo ordenado = keep + Nombre + tidy, keep + Nombre + in order.* mantener Algo vivo = keep + the flame alive, keep + Nombre + at the fore.* mantener al ralentí = idle.* mantener a mano = keep to + hand.* mantener aparte = keep + separate.* mantener a raya = keep at + bay, hold off, keep + Nombre + in line, hold at + bay.* mantener bajo control = keep + a rein on.* mantener bajo vigilancia = keep under + observation.* mantener constancia de = keep + record of.* mantener contacto = maintain + contact.* mantener control = hold + the reins of control.* mantener cooperación = maintain + cooperation.* mantener dentro = keep + Nombre + in.* mantener el control = stay in + control.* mantener el ímpetu = maintain + momentum.* mantener el interés = hold + the interest.* mantener el orden = keep + order, police.* mantener el orden público = maintain + public order.* mantener el ritmo = keep + pace.* mantener el tipo = keep + a stiff upper lip.* mantener en observación = hold under + observation, keep under + observation.* mantener en privado = be out of the public eye.* mantener en reserva = keep on + reserve, keep in + reserve.* mantener en secreto = keep + secret, keep + hush hush, keep + confidential, keep + Nombre + under wraps.* mantener en sintonía = keep in + step.* mantener firme = keep + steady, hold in + line, hold + steady.* mantener informado = keep + informed.* mantener junto = keep together.* mantener la atención de Alguien = hold + Posesivo + attention.* mantener la boca cerrada = keep + Posesivo + mouth shut.* mantener la bola rodando = keep + the ball rolling.* mantener la cabeza = keep + Posesivo + head, keep + Posesivo + head together.* mantener la cabeza alta = hold + Posesivo + head high.* mantener la cabeza fría = keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.* mantener la calma = keep + Posesivo + head, keep + Posesivo + head together, keep + Pronombre + cool, remain + cool-headed, keep + a cool head, play it + cool.* mantener la coherencia = maintain + consistency.* mantener la compostura = keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.* mantener la condición (de) = retain + Posesivo + status (as).* mantener la continuidad = maintain + continuity.* mantener la delantera = keep + ahead.* mantener la disciplina = maintain + discipline.* mantener la palabra = keep + Posesivo + word, live up to + Posesivo + word.* mantener la posición = hold + the line.* mantener las apariencias = keep up + appearances.* mantener las cosas en marcha = keep + the ball rolling, keep + it rolling.* mantener las cosas en movimiento = keep + the ball rolling, keep + it rolling.* mantener las cosas funcionando = keep + the ball rolling, keep + it rolling.* mantener las cuentas = keep + Posesivo + accounts.* mantener las distancias con = keep + Nombre + at arm's length.* mantener la serenidad = keep + Pronombre + cool, keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.* mantener la tradición = keep with + tradition.* mantener la vida = sustain + life.* mantener libre de = keep + free of.* mantener los ojos bien abiertos = keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open, keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned.* mantener los precios = hold + prices down.* mantener oculto = keep + Nombre + under wraps.* mantener ocupado = keep + busy.* mantener ordenado = keep + Nombre + neat and tidy.* mantener presente = keep before.* mantener presionado = hold down.* mantener registro de = keep + record of.* mantener relaciones = maintain + contact, maintain + relationships, maintain + relations.* mantener relaciones comerciales = do + business.* mantenerse actualizado = keep up to + date (with).* mantenerse actualizado de = keep + abreast of.* mantenerse a distancia = stand off.* mantenerse a flote = keep + Posesivo + head above the water, keep + the wolves from the door, stay + afloat, stay in + business.* mantenerse aislado = keep to + Reflexivo.* mantenerse a la cabeza = stay + ahead of the pack.* mantenerse a la escucha = stay + tuned.* mantenerse al corriente = keep + current.* mantenerse al corriente de = keep + abreast of, stay + abreast of, keep + track of.* mantenerse al día = keep up to + date (with), keep up with + the current scene, keep + current.* mantenerse al día de = keep + abreast of, keep + pace with, keep up with, stay + abreast of, keep + a finger on the pulse of, stay in + step with, keep in + step with, keep + step with.* mantenerse al día de las noticias = keep up with + the news.* mantenerse al día de los avances = track + developments.* mantenerse alejado = stay away, remain + aloof.* mantenerse alejado de = stay away from, steer + clear of, give + Nombre + a wide berth, steer away from.* mantenerse alejado de la mirada del público = shun + the public eye, keep out of + the public eye.* mantenerse alejado de la mirada pública = shun + the public eye, keep out of + the public eye.* mantenerse alejado de + Nombre = keep + Nombre + at a distance.* mantenerse alerta = keep + alert, keep + an eye open, keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.* mantenerse al frente = keep + ahead.* mantenerse al margen = keep to + Reflexivo, take + a back seat, stand by, remain on + the sidelines.* mantenerse al margen de = remain + uninvolved in, hold + Reflexivo + apart from.* mantenerse al margen de Algo = stay above + Algo.* mantenerse al tanto = stay + tuned.* mantenerse al tanto de = keep in + sync, keep + a finger on the pulse of, keep + track of, stay in + step with, keep in + step with, keep + step with.* mantenerse al tanto de las cosas = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.* mantenerse al tanto de las noticias = keep up with + the news.* mantenerse al tanto de los avances = track + developments.* mantenerse atento = keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.* mantenerse atento a lo que ocurre alrededor = have + an ear to the ground, keep + Posesivo + ear to the ground.* mantenerse bien = keep + well.* mantenerse caliente = keep + warm.* mantenerse callado = keep + quiet.* mantenerse callado y pensativo con cierto resentimiento = brood.* mantenerse como válido = hold up.* mantener secreto = keep + secret.* mantenerse despierto = keep + alert, stay + awake.* mantenerse en buen estado físico = keep + fit.* mantenerse en contacto = stay + tuned.* mantenerse en contacto (con) = keep in + touch (with), stay in + touch (with).* mantenerse en espera = stay + tuned.* mantenerse en forma = keep + fit.* mantenerse en línea con = keep in + line with.* mantenerse en pie = hold + Posesivo + own.* mantenerse en + Posesivo + trece = stick to + Posesivo + guns.* mantenerse en sincronía = keep in + sync.* mantenerse en su sitio = stand + Posesivo + ground.* mantenerse en sus trece = stand + Posesivo + ground.* mantenerse fiel a = stick with.* mantenerse fiel a los principios de Uno = stick to + Posesivo + principles.* mantenerse firme = stand + Posesivo + ground, stick to + Posesivo + guns.* mantenerse impasible = keep + a stiff upper lip.* mantenerse informado = keep up to + date (with), keep + current.* mantenerse informado de = keep + abreast of.* mantenerse lejos de = steer + clear of, give + Nombre + a wide berth, steer away from.* mantenerse líder = stay + ahead of the pack.* mantener(se) ocupado = keep + busy.* mantener separado = keep apart.* mantenerse por delante = keep + ahead.* mantenerse por delante de la competencia = keep + one step ahead of the game, keep + one step ahead of the competition.* mantenerse unidos = stick together.* mantenerse vigente = hold + Posesivo + own.* mantener silencio = keep + silent, keep + silence.* mantener sincronizado = keep in + step.* mantener suspenso en el aire = suspend.* mantener todo controlado = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.* mantener una actitud = hold + attitude.* mantener una actitud abierta = be open-minded.* mantener una apariencia de = maintain + a semblance of.* mantener una conversación = hold + conversation.* mantener una opinión = hold + view, hold + opinion.* mantener una promesa = keep + Posesivo + promise.* mantener una relación con = carry on + relationship with.* mantener un concepto = hold + concept.* mantener un control férreo sobre = hold + an iron grip on.* mantener un debate = hold + discussion.* mantener un equilibrio = balance, maintain + a balance, keep + a balance.* mantener un estándar = uphold + standard.* mantener un interés = pursue + interest.* mantener un registro = keep + log.* mantener un registro de = keep + track of, record.* mantener un sistema de turnos = hold + a rota of.* mantener vigente = keep + alive.* mantener vivo = keep + alive, maintain + momentum, keep + Nombre + going.* máquina que mantiene las constantes vitales = life-support system.* para mantener(se) ocupado = keep-busy.* voluntad de mantener Algo en secreto = secretiveness.* * *vtA (sustentar económicamente) ‹familia/persona› to support, maintaincuesta una fortuna mantener a ese perro tan grande it costs a fortune to keep that enormous dog¡y pretende que ella lo mantenga! and he expects her to support o keep him!B1 (conservar, preservar) to keepmantener la calma/la compostura to keep calm/one's composuremantener el orden to keep o ( frml) maintain orderpara mantener la paz in order to keep the peacemantener su peso actual to maintain his present weightmantener las viejas tradiciones to keep up the old traditions2 (en cierto estado, cierta situación) (+ compl) to keeplos postes mantienen la viga en posición the posts keep the beam in positionmantener el equilibrio to keep one's balancelo mantiene en equilibrio sobre la punta de la nariz he balances it on the end of his noselos militares lo mantuvieron en el poder the military kept him in powertodos los medicamentos deben mantenerse fuera del alcance de los niños all medicines should be kept out of reach of children[ S ] mantenga limpia su ciudad keep Norwich ( o York etc) tidy[ S ] una vez abierto manténgase refrigerado keep refrigerated once openno mantiene su coche en buenas condiciones he doesn't keep his car in good condition, he doesn't maintain his car very wellsigue manteniendo vivos sus ideales he still keeps his ideals aliveC1 ‹conversaciones› to have; ‹contactos› to maintain, keep up; ‹correspondencia› to keep up; ‹relaciones› to maintaindurante las negociaciones mantenidas en Ginebra during the negotiations held in Geneva2 (cumplir) ‹promesa/palabra› to keepD (afirmar, sostener) to maintainmantiene que es inocente he maintains that he is innocentA (sustentarse económicamente) to support o maintain o keep oneselfB (en cierto estado, cierta situación) (+ compl) to keepse mantuvieron en primera división they kept their place o they stayed in the first divisionmantenerse en forma to keep in shape, to keep fitlo único que se mantiene en pie es la torre all that remains is the tower, only the tower is still standingse mantiene al día she keeps up to datesiempre se mantuvo a distancia he always kept his distancese mantuvo en contacto con sus amigos de la infancia he kept in touch with o kept up with his childhood friendsse mantuvo neutral en la disputa he remained neutral in the disputeC(alimentarse): nos mantuvimos a base de latas we lived off tinned foodse mantiene a base de vitaminas he lives on vitamin pills* * *
mantener ( conjugate mantener) verbo transitivo
1 ( económicamente) ‹familia/persona› to support, maintain;
‹ amante› to keep
2 (conservar, preservar) to keep;
mantener el equilibrio to keep one's balance;
mantener algo en equilibrio to balance sth;
para mantener su peso actual to maintain his present weight
3
‹ contactos› to maintain, keep up;
‹ correspondencia› to keep up;
‹ relaciones› to maintain
4 (afirmar, sostener) to maintain
mantenerse verbo pronominal
1 ( sustentarse económicamente) to support oneself
2 (en cierto estado, cierta situación) to keep;
la torre aún se mantiene en pie the tower is still standing;
mantenerse en contacto (con algn) to keep in touch (with sb)
3 ( alimentarse):
mantener verbo transitivo
1 (conservar) to keep: ella mantiene vivo su recuerdo, she keeps his memory alive
mantén la calma, keep calm
2 (sostener) to have: mantuvimos una conversación muy seria, we had a very serious talk
(una teoría, hipótesis) to defend, maintain
3 (alimentar, sustentar) to support, feed: no podían mantener las dos casas, they couldn't keep up both houses
4 (peso) to support, hold up
' mantener' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
callarse
- conchabarse
- conservar
- conservarse
- continuismo
- escribirse
- ir
- hilo
- línea
- raya
- sustentar
- tener
- tipo
- ahuyentar
- alerta
- calma
- correspondencia
- corriente
- disciplina
- flote
- guardar
- llevar
- mantiene
- mantuve
- orden
- preservar
- sujetar
English:
balance
- bay
- buoy
- captive
- carry on
- cherish
- cool
- fire
- hold
- hold off
- house
- hygiene
- image
- keep
- keep away
- keep down
- keep up
- maintain
- order
- preserve
- provide for
- retain
- secrecy
- stall
- support
- suspense
- sustain
- swear
- track
- unionist
- uphold
- weight-watching
- white elephant
- carry
- clear
- conduct
- correspond
- credit
- door
- go
- head
- inform
- occupy
- peace
- police
- provide
- segregate
- stand
- stick
- struggle
* * *♦ vt1. [económicamente] to support;con su sueldo mantiene a toda la familia he has to support o keep his whole family with his wages2. [sostener] to keep;un andamio mantiene el edificio en pie a scaffold supports the building o keeps the building from falling down;mantén los brazos en alto keep your arms in the air3. [conservar] to keep;[ritmo, nivel, presión] to keep up;mantener las amistades to keep up one's friendships;mantener algo en buen estado to keep sth in good condition;mantener la calma to stay calm;mantener el orden to keep order;mantener la línea to keep one's figure;mantener una promesa/la palabra to keep a promise/one's word;mantenga limpia su ciudad [en letrero] keep your city tidy;manténgase en un lugar seco [en etiqueta] keep in a dry place;manténgase fuera del alcance de los niños [en medicamento, producto tóxico] keep out of the reach of children;es incapaz de mantener la boca cerrada he can't keep his mouth shut4. [tener] [conversación] to have;[negociaciones, diálogo] to hold;mantener correspondencia con alguien to correspond with sb;mantener relaciones con alguien to have a relationship with sb;mantener contactos con alguien to be in contact with sb5. [defender] [convicción, idea] to stick to;[candidatura] to refuse to withdraw;mantiene su inocencia she maintains that she is innocent;mantiene que no la vio he maintains that he didn't see her* * *v/t2 ( preservar) keep3 conversación, relación have4 económicamente support5 ( afirmar) maintain* * *mantener {80} vt1) sustentar: to support, to feedmantener uno su familia: to support one's family2) conservar: to keep, to preserve3) continuar: to keep up, to sustainmantener una correspondencia: to keep up a correspondence4) afirmar: to maintain, to affirm* * *mantener vb2. (económicamente) to support3. (afirmar) to maintain -
9 vigor
m.vigor (fuerza).* * *1 (fuerza) vigour (US vigor), strength2 (validez) force, effect\en vigor in forceponer en vigor to put into effect* * *noun m.- en vigor* * *SM1) (=fuerza) vigour, vigor (EEUU); (=vitalidad) vitality; (=resistencia) toughness, hardiness; (=empuje) drive2) (=vigencia)en vigor — [norma] in force; [tarifa, horario] valid, applicable
entrar en vigor — to take effect, come into force
mantenerse 2)poner en vigor — to put into effect, put into operation
* * *a) (fuerza, energía) vigor*, energyb)en vigor: entrar en vigor to come into effect o force; estar en vigor — to be in force
* * *= robustness, strength, vigour [vigor, USA], vibrance, vibrancy, verve, sinew, pizzazz, aliveness, pep.Ex. His face had an ashen quality, and his voice lacked its usual robustness.Ex. The strength of the acetone rinsing on the strength of the paper is investigated, and its efficiency in removing NM2P is also examined using gas liquid chromatography.Ex. Public libraries cannot be said to be pursuing this national social goal with clarity, vigour and imagination.Ex. Our South American Colleagues will have the opportunity of a lifetime, to experience the vibrance of the meeting of minds, as well as the forging of communities of practice across time zones, distance and linguistic barriers = Nuestros colegas sudamericanos tendrán la oportunidad de su vida de experimentar la vitalidad de este encuentro de expertos así como la creación de lazos profesionales por encima de barreras lingüísticas, de espacio y de tiempo.Ex. The success of the national library is related to the vibrancy of local and national publishing.Ex. Much of the verve and shimmer of her lyrics can be connected to the near-fatal liver abscess she suffered in 1996.Ex. Such sentiments provide the heart, soul, and sinew of comics.Ex. I wanted to show them an application which not only was database functional, but which itself had some pizzazz as a website.Ex. The beauty, the aliveness, the creativity, the passion that made her lovable and gave her life meaning has been effaced.Ex. Not a lot of pep however, so this might be the day to curl up with a really challenging book or game.----* con más vigor aun = with a vengeance.* con vigor = vibrantly, robustly.* dar vigor = energise [energize, -USA].* entrada en vigor = entry into force.* entrar en vigor = come into + force, come into + effect, go into + effect.* en vigor = in effect, in force.* infundir vigor = energise [energize, -USA].* perder vigor = run out of + steam, lose + steam.* puesta en vigor = enforcement.* * *a) (fuerza, energía) vigor*, energyb)en vigor: entrar en vigor to come into effect o force; estar en vigor — to be in force
* * *= robustness, strength, vigour [vigor, USA], vibrance, vibrancy, verve, sinew, pizzazz, aliveness, pep.Ex: His face had an ashen quality, and his voice lacked its usual robustness.
Ex: The strength of the acetone rinsing on the strength of the paper is investigated, and its efficiency in removing NM2P is also examined using gas liquid chromatography.Ex: Public libraries cannot be said to be pursuing this national social goal with clarity, vigour and imagination.Ex: Our South American Colleagues will have the opportunity of a lifetime, to experience the vibrance of the meeting of minds, as well as the forging of communities of practice across time zones, distance and linguistic barriers = Nuestros colegas sudamericanos tendrán la oportunidad de su vida de experimentar la vitalidad de este encuentro de expertos así como la creación de lazos profesionales por encima de barreras lingüísticas, de espacio y de tiempo.Ex: The success of the national library is related to the vibrancy of local and national publishing.Ex: Much of the verve and shimmer of her lyrics can be connected to the near-fatal liver abscess she suffered in 1996.Ex: Such sentiments provide the heart, soul, and sinew of comics.Ex: I wanted to show them an application which not only was database functional, but which itself had some pizzazz as a website.Ex: The beauty, the aliveness, the creativity, the passion that made her lovable and gave her life meaning has been effaced.Ex: Not a lot of pep however, so this might be the day to curl up with a really challenging book or game.* con más vigor aun = with a vengeance.* con vigor = vibrantly, robustly.* dar vigor = energise [energize, -USA].* entrada en vigor = entry into force.* entrar en vigor = come into + force, come into + effect, go into + effect.* en vigor = in effect, in force.* infundir vigor = energise [energize, -USA].* perder vigor = run out of + steam, lose + steam.* puesta en vigor = enforcement.* * *1 (fuerza, energía) vigor*, energycon un vigor renovado with renewed vigor o energydefendió su postura con vigor she defended her stance vigorouslypara restablecer su vigor to revitalize them2en vigor: hoy entran en vigor las nuevas disposiciones the new provisions come into effect o force todayestas tarifas están en vigor de lunes a viernes these prices are applicable o valid from Monday to Fridaydespués de la entrada en vigor del acuerdo after the agreement came into effect o force* * *
vigor sustantivo masculino
b)
entrar en vigor to come into effect o force
vigor sustantivo masculino
1 (fortaleza) vigour, US vigor, energy
2 (una ley, decreto) entrar en vigor, to come into force o effect
' vigor' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
fuerza
- nervio
- energía
- entrada
- ímpetu
- pujanza
- temperamento
English:
drive
- effect
- force
- operative
- vigor
- vigorously
- vigour
- punch
- spirit
- zip
* * *vigor nm1. [fuerza] vigour[contrato, tarifa] current;el acuerdo en vigor the agreement in force, the current agreement;el contrato/la tarifa ya no está en vigor the contract is no longer valid/the rate is no longer valid o applicable;entrar en vigor to come into force, to take effect;con la entrada en vigor de la nueva normativa, la situación va a cambiar when the new regulations come into force o take effect, the situation will change* * *m vigor, Brvigour;en vigor in force;estar en vigor be in effect;entrar/poner en vigor come/put into effect* * *vigor nm1) : vigor, energy, strength2) vigencia: force, effect* * *vigor n vigour / energy -
10 vitalidad
f.vitality.* * *1 vitality* * *noun f.* * *SF vitality* * *femenino vitality* * *= vitality, joie de vivre, vibrance, vibrancy, pizzazz, oomph, aliveness, pep.Ex. Listed below are a number of alternatives which could be implemented to maintain our vitality under the conditions of declining enrollment, spiraling costs, and different outlooks.Ex. It is a tall order for information workers to avoid objective obsolescence and subjective burnout, and enhance the joie de vivre of the work setting.Ex. Our South American Colleagues will have the opportunity of a lifetime, to experience the vibrance of the meeting of minds, as well as the forging of communities of practice across time zones, distance and linguistic barriers = Nuestros colegas sudamericanos tendrán la oportunidad de su vida de experimentar la vitalidad de este encuentro de expertos así como la creación de lazos profesionales por encima de barreras lingüísticas, de espacio y de tiempo.Ex. The success of the national library is related to the vibrancy of local and national publishing.Ex. I wanted to show them an application which not only was database functional, but which itself had some pizzazz as a website.Ex. Many recent commentators speak as if they think that computers can painlessly deliver the oomph we need in curriculum.Ex. The beauty, the aliveness, the creativity, the passion that made her lovable and gave her life meaning has been effaced.Ex. Not a lot of pep however, so this might be the day to curl up with a really challenging book or game.----* con más vitalidad = revitalised [revitalized, -USA].* con mucha vitalidad = lively [livelier -comp., liveliest -sup.].* dar vitalidad = vitalise [vitalize, -USA].* lleno de vitalidad = full of beans.* perder vitalidad = run out of + steam.* pletórico de vitalidad = full of beans.* * *femenino vitality* * *= vitality, joie de vivre, vibrance, vibrancy, pizzazz, oomph, aliveness, pep.Ex: Listed below are a number of alternatives which could be implemented to maintain our vitality under the conditions of declining enrollment, spiraling costs, and different outlooks.
Ex: It is a tall order for information workers to avoid objective obsolescence and subjective burnout, and enhance the joie de vivre of the work setting.Ex: Our South American Colleagues will have the opportunity of a lifetime, to experience the vibrance of the meeting of minds, as well as the forging of communities of practice across time zones, distance and linguistic barriers = Nuestros colegas sudamericanos tendrán la oportunidad de su vida de experimentar la vitalidad de este encuentro de expertos así como la creación de lazos profesionales por encima de barreras lingüísticas, de espacio y de tiempo.Ex: The success of the national library is related to the vibrancy of local and national publishing.Ex: I wanted to show them an application which not only was database functional, but which itself had some pizzazz as a website.Ex: Many recent commentators speak as if they think that computers can painlessly deliver the oomph we need in curriculum.Ex: The beauty, the aliveness, the creativity, the passion that made her lovable and gave her life meaning has been effaced.Ex: Not a lot of pep however, so this might be the day to curl up with a really challenging book or game.* con más vitalidad = revitalised [revitalized, -USA].* con mucha vitalidad = lively [livelier -comp., liveliest -sup.].* dar vitalidad = vitalise [vitalize, -USA].* lleno de vitalidad = full of beans.* perder vitalidad = run out of + steam.* pletórico de vitalidad = full of beans.* * *vitality* * *
vitalidad sustantivo femenino
vitality
vitalidad sustantivo femenino vitality
' vitalidad' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
vida
English:
bounce
- bouncy
- get-up-and-go
- life
- vitality
- revitalize
* * *vitalidad nfvitality* * *f vitality, liveliness* * *vitalidad nf: vitality -
11 CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE
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A Situação Social em Portugal, 1960-1996. Lisbon: Instituto de Ciências Sociais, 1996.■ Bermeo, Nancy Gina. "Worker Management in Industry: Reconciling Representative Government and Industrial Democracy in a Polarized Society." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 181-98. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.■. The Revolution within the Revolution: Workers' Control in Rural Portugal. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986.■ Braeckman, Colette. Portugal: Revolution surveilée. Brussels: Rossei, 1975.■ Braga da Cruz, Manuel. "O Presidente da República na génese e evolução do sistema de governor portugües." Análise social XXIX, 125-26 (1994): 237-65.■, coord. "Portugal Político 25 Anos Depois." Análise Social XXXV, 154/155 (Summer 2000): 1-404. Bruneau, Thomas C. "Popular Support for Democracy in Post-revolutionary Portugal: Results from a Survey." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 21-42. 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Ramos Silva, eds., Portugal: An Atlantic Paradox, 9-11. Lisbon, 1990. Gaspar, Jorge, and Nuno Vitorino. As Eleições De 25 De Abril: Geografia E Imagem Dos Partidos. Lisbon, 1976.■. "10 Anos de Democracia: Reflexos na geografia política." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opelio, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal 1974-1984/ Conflitos e Mudanças em Portugal, 1974-1984, 135-55. Lisbon, 1985.■, et al. As Eleições para assembleia da república, 1979-1983: Estudos de geografia eleitoral. Lisbon, 1984. Gaspar, Jorge, and Nuno Vitorino, eds. Portugal em mapas e em números. Lisbon, 1981.■ Giaccone, Fausto. Una Storia Portoghese/ Uma História Portuguesa. Palermo: Randazzo Focus, 1987.■ Gladdish, Ken. "Portugal: An Open Verdict." In Geoffrey Pridham, ed. Securing Democracy: Political Parties and Democratic Consolidation in Southern Europe, 104-25. London and New York: Routledge, 1990.■ Graham, Lawrence S. The Decline and Collapse of an Authoritarian Order. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1975.■, and Harry M. Makler, eds. Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.■, and Douglas L. Wheeler, eds. In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.■ Grayson, George W. "Portugal and the Armed Forces Movement." Orbis XIX, 2 (Summer 1975): 335-78.■ Green, Gil. Portugal's Revolution. New York: International, 1976.■ Hammond, John L. Building Popular Power: Workers' and Neighborhood Movements in the Portuguese Revolution. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1988.■ Harsgor, Michael. Naissance d'un Nouveau Portugal. Paris: Ed. du Seuil, 1975.■. Portugal in Revolution. Washington, D.C.: CSIS and Sage, 1976.■ Harvey, Robert. Portugal, Birth of a Democracy. London: Macmillan, 1978.■ Herr, Richard, ed. Portugal: The Long Road to Democracy and Europe. Berkeley, Calif.: International and Area Studies, 1992.■ Insight Team of the Sunday [London] Times. Insight on Portugal: The Year of the Captains. London: Deutsch, 1975.■ Janitschek, Hans. Mario Soares: Portrait of a Hero. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1985.■ Keefe, Eugene K., et al. Area Handbook for Portugal, 1st ed. Washington, D.C.: Foreign Area Studies of American University, 1977. Kramer, Jane. "A Reporter at Large: The Portuguese Revolution." The New Yorker (Dec. 15, 1975): 92-131.■ Lauré, Jason, and Ettagal Lauré. Jovem Portugal: After the Revolution. New York: Straus, Farrar and Giroux, 1977.■ Livermore, H. V. A New History of Portugal. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.■ Lourenço, Eduardo. Os Militares e O Poder. Lisbon, 1975.■. O Fascismo Nunca Existiu. Lisbon, 1976.■. "Identidade e Memôria: o caso português." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-l 984, 17-22. Lisbon, 1985.■ Lucena, Manuel. Evolução e Instituições: A Extinção dos Grémios da Lavoura Alentejanos. Mem Martins, 1984.■. "A herança de duas revoluções." In M. Baptista Coelho, ed., Portugal: O Sistema Político e Constitucional, 1974-87, 505-55. Lisbon, 1989.■ Macedo, Jorge Braga de, and S. Serfaty. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. New York: Praeger, 1981.■ Magone, José M. European Portugal: The Difficult Road to Sustainable Democracy. New York: St. Martin's, 1997. Mailer, Phil. Portugal: The Impossible Revolution. London: Solidarity, 1977. Manta, João Abel. Cartoons/ 1969-1975. Lisbon, 1975.■ Manuel, Paul C. Uncertain Outcome: The Politics of Portugal's Transition to Democracy. Lanham, Md. and London: University Press of America, 1994.■ Mateus, Rui. Contos Proibidos. Memorias de Um PS Desconhecido, 3rd ed. Lisbon: Dom Quixote, 1996.■ Maxwell, Kenneth. "Portugal under Pressure." The New York Review of Books (May 2, 1974).■. "The Hidden Revolution in Portugal." The New York Review of Books (April 17, 1975).■. "The Thorns of the Portuguese Revolution." Foreign Affairs 54, 2 (Jan. 1976): 250-70.■. "The Communists and the Portuguese Revolution." Dissent 27, 2 (Spring 1980): 194-206.■. Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.■. The Making of Portuguese Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.■, ed. "Portugal: Toward the Twenty-First Century." Camoes Center Quarterly 5, 3-4 (Fall 1995): 6-55.■, ed. The Press and the Rebirth of Iberian Democracy. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1983.■. Portugal Ten Years after the Revolution: Reports of Three Columbia University-Gulbenkian Workshops. New York: Research Institute on International Change, Columbia University, 1984.■ Maxwell, Kenneth, and Michael H. Haltzel, eds. Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.■ Medeiros Ferreira, José. Ensaio Histórico sobre a revolução do 25 de Abril. Lisbon, 1983.■ Medina, João, ed. Portugal De Abril: Do 25 Aos Nossos Dias. In Medina, ed., História Contemporãnea De Portugal. Lisbon, 1985. Merten, Peter. Anarchismus ünd Arbeiterkãmpf in Portugal. Hamburg: Libertare, 1981.■ Miranda, Jorge. Constituição e Democracia. Lisbon, 1976.■. A Constituição de 1976. Lisbon, 1978.■ Morrison, Rodney J. Portugal: Revolutionary Change in an Open Economy. Boston: Auburn House, 1981.■ Mujal-Leôn, Eusebio. "The PCP [Portuguese Communist Party] and the Portuguese Revolution." Problems of Communism 26 (Jan.- Feb. 1977): 21-41.■ Neves, Mário. Missão em Moscovo. Lisbon, 1986.■ Oliveira, César. M. F. A. e Revolução Socialista. Lisbon, 1975.■. Os Anos Decisivos: Portugal 1962-1985. Um testemunho. Lisbon: Presença, 1993.■ Opello, Waiter C., Jr. Portugal's Political Development: A Comparative Approach. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1985.■. Portugal: From Monarchy to Pluralist Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1991.■ Pell, Senator Claiborne H. Portugal ( Including the Azores and Spain) in Search of New Directions: Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1976.■ Pereira, J. Pacheco. "A Case of Orthodoxy: The Communist Party of Portugal." In Waller and Fenema, eds., Communist Parties in Western Europe: Adaptation or Decline? Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988.■ Pilmott, Ben. "Socialism in Portugal: Was It a Revolution?" Government and Opposition 7 (Summer 1977).■. "Were the Soldiers Revolutionary? The Armed Forces Movement in Portugal, 1973-1976." Iberian Studies 7, 1 (1978): 13-21.■, and Jean Seaton. "Political Power and the Portuguese Media." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 43-57. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.■ Porch, Douglas. The Portuguese Armed Forces and the Revolution. London: Croom Helm and Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1977.■ Pouchin, Dominique. Portugal, quelle révolution? Paris, 1976.■ Pulido Valente, Vasco. "E Viva Otelo." In Pulido Valente, V., ed., O País das Maravilhas, 451-54. Lisbon, 1979 [anthology of articles from weekly Lisbon paper, Expresso].■. Estudos Sobre a Crise Nacional. Lisbon, 1980.■ Rebelo de Sousa, Marcelo. O Sistema de Governo Português antes e depois da Revisão Constitucional, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1981. Rêgo, Raúl. Militares, Clérigos e Paisanos. Lisbon, 1981. Robinson, Richard A. H. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.■ Rodrigues, Avelino, Cesário Borga, and Mário Cardoso. O Movemento dos Capitães e o 25 de Abril. Lisbon, 1974.■. Portugal Depois De Abril. Lisbon, 1976.■ Ruas, H. B., ed. A Revolução das Flores. Lisbon, 1975.■ Rudel, Christian. La Liberte couleur d'oeillet. Paris: Fayard, 1980.■ Sa, Tiago Moreira de. Os Americanos na Revolucao Portuguesa ( 1974-1976). Lisbon: Edit. Noticias, 2004.■ Sá Carneiro, Francisco. Por Uma Social-Democracia Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1975.■ Sanches Osôrio, Helena. Um Só Rosto. Uma Só Fé. Conversas Com Adelino Da Palma Carlos. Lisbon, 1988. Sanches Osôrio, J. The Betrayal of the 25th of April in Portugal. Madrid: Sedmay, 1975.■ Schmitter, Philippe C. "Liberation by Golpe: Retrospective Thoughts on the Demise of Authoritarian Rule in Portugal." Armed Forces and Society 2 (1974): 5-33.■. "An Introduction to Southern European Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain and Turkey." In G. O'Donnell,■ P. C. Schmitter, and L. Whitehead, eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, 3-10. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.■ Silva, Fernando Dioga da. "Uma Administração Envelhecido." Revista da Ad-ministraçao Pública 2 (Oct.-Dec. 1979).■ Simões, Martinho, ed. Relatório Do 25 De Novembro: Texto Integral, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1976.■ Soares, Isabel, ed. Mário Soares: O homem e o político. Lisbon, 1976. Soares, Mário. Democratização e Descolonização: Dez meses no Governo Provisório. Lisbon, 1975. Sobel, Lester A., ed. Portuguese Revolution, 1974-1976. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1976.■ Spínola, Antônio de. Portugal e o Futuro. Lisbon, 1974.■. País Sem Rumo: Contributo para a História de uma Revolução. Lisbon, 1978.■ Story, Jonathan. "Portugal's Revolution of Carnations: Patterns of Change and Continuity." International Affairs 52 (July 1976): 417-34. Sweezey, Paul. "Class Struggles in Portugal." Monthly Review 27, 4 (Sept. 1975): 1-26.■ Szulc, Tad. "Lisbon and Washington: Behind Portugal's Revolution." Foreign Policy 21 (Winter 1975-76): 3-62. Tavares de Almeida, Antônio. Balsemão: O retrato. Lisbon, 1981. "Vasco." Desenhos Políticos. Lisbon, 1974.■ Vasconcelos, Alvaro. "Portugal in Atlantic-Mediterranean Security." In Douglas T. Stuart, ed., Politics and Security in the Southern Region of the Atlantic Alliance, 117-36. London: Macmillan, 1988.■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "Golpes militares e golpes literários. A literatura do golpe de 25 de Abril de 1974 em contexto histôrico." Penélope. Fazer E Desfazer A História, 19-20 (1998): 191-212.■. "Tributo ao Historiador dos Historiadores. Memorias de A.H.de Oliveira Marques (1933-2007)," Historia XXIX, 95, III series (March 2007), 18-22.■ Wiarda, Howard J. Transcending Corporatism? The Portuguese Corporative System and the Revolution of 1974. Columbia: Institute of International Studies, University of South Carolina, 1976.■. The Transition to Democracy in Spain and Portugal. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1989. Wise, Audrey. Eyewitness in Revolutionary Portugal. With a Preface by Judith Hart, MP. London: Spokesman, 1975.■ PHYSICAL FEATURES: GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, FAUNA, AND FLORA■ Birot, Pierre. Le Portugal: Étude de géographie régionale. Paris, 1950.■ Embleton, Clifford. Geomorphology of Europe. London: Macmillan, 1984.■ Girão, Aristides de Amorim. Divisão regional, divisão agrícola e divisão administrativa. Coimbra, 1932.■. Condições geográficos e históricas de autonomia política de Portugal. Coimbra, 1935.■. Atlas de Portugal, 2nd ed. Coimbra, 1958.■ Ribeiro, Orlando. Portugal, O Mediterrâneo e o Altântico. Coimbra, 1945 and later eds.■. Portugal. Volume V of Geografia de Espana y Portugal. Barcelona, 1955.■. Ensaios de Geografia Humana e regio nal. Lisbon, 1970.■. A geografia e a divisão regional do país. Lisbon, 1970.■ Stanislawski, Dan. The Individuality of Portugal. Austin: The University of Texas Press, 1959.■. Portugal's Other Kingdom: The Algarve. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1963.■ Taylor, Albert William. Wild Flowers of Spain and Portugal. London: Chatto & Windus, 1972.■ Way, Ruth, and Margaret Simmons. A Geography of Spain and Portugal. London: Methuen, 1962.■ ARCHAEOLOGY AND PREHISTORY■ "Actas do Colóquio Inter-Universitário do Noroeste Peninsular (Porto-Baião, 1988), vol. II, Proto-História, romanização e Idade Média." In Trabalhos de antropologia e etnologia. 28, 3-4 (1988).■ Alarcão, Jorge de, ed. "Do Paleolítico va arte visigótica." Vol. 1, História da■ Arte em Portugal. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.■. Roman Portugal, 3 vols. Warminister, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.■. Portugal Das Orígens A Romanização. Vol. I. In J. Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds. Nova História de Portugal. Lisbon: Presença, 1990. Anderson, James M., and M. S. Lea. Portugal 1001 Sights: An Archaeological and Historical Guide. Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary and Robert Hale, 1994.■ Balmuth, Miriam S., Antonio Gilman, and Lourdes Prados-Torreira, eds. Encounters and Transformations: The Archaeology of Iberia in Transition. Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology, no. 7. Sheffield, U.K.: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997.■ Beirão, C. M. M. Une civilization protohistorique du Sud au Portugal ( 1er Age du Fer). Paris: D. Boccard, 1986.■ Cardoso, João Luís, Santinho A. Cunha, and Delberto Aguiar. O Homem Pre-Histórico no Concelho de Oeiras. Oeiras, Portugal: Estudos Arquelógicos de Oeiras, 1991.■ Harrison, Richard J. The Bell Beaker Cultures of Spain and Portugal. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1977.■ Mangas, Júlio, ed. Hispania epigraphica. Madrid, 1989.■ Maloney, Stephanie J. "The Villa of Toerre de Palma, Portugal: Archaeology and Preservation." Portuguese Studies Review VIII, 1 (Fall-Winter, 1999-2000): 14-28.■ Savory, H. N. Spain and Portugal: The Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula. London, 1968.■ Silva, A. C. F. A cultura castreja no Noroeste de Portugal. Paços de Ferreira:■ Museu da Citânia de Sanfins, 1986. Straus, L. G. Iberia before the Iberians. Albuquerque, N.M., 1992.■ FOREIGN TRAVELERS AND RESIDENTS' ACCOUNTS■ Andersen, Hans Christian. A Visit to Portugal 1866. London: Peter Owen, 1972.■ Beckford, William. Italy, with Sketches of Spain and Portugal. Paris: Baudry's European Library, 1834.■ Boyd Alexander, ed. London: Hart-Davies, 1954.■. Recollections of an Excursion to the Monasteries of Alcoboca and Batalha. Fontwell, U.K.: Centaur Press, 1972.■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. In Portugal. London: Bodley Head, 1912.■ Borrow, George. The Bible in Spain, 2 vols. London: Constable, 1923 ed.■ Chaves, Castelo Branco. Os livros de viagens em Portugal no século XVIII e a sua projecção europeia. Lisbon, 1977.■ Costigan, Arthur William. Sketches of Society and Manners in Portugal. London: T. Vernon, 1787.■ Crawfurd, Oswald. Portugal Old and New. London: Kegan, Paul, 1880.■. Round the Calendar in Portugal. London: Chapman & Hall, 1890.■ Darymple, William. Travels through Spain and Portugal in 1774. London: J. Almon, 1777.■ Dumouriez, Charles Francois Duperrier. An Account of Portugal as It Appeared in 1766. London: C. Law, 1797.■ Fielding, Henry. Jonathan Wild and the Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon. London: J. M. Dent, 1932.■ Fullerton, Alice. To Portugal for Pleasure. London: Grafton, 1945.■ Gibbons, John. I Gathered No Moss. London: Robert Hale, 1939.■ Gordon, Jan, and Cora Gordon. Portuguese Somersault. London: Harrap, 1934.■ Hewitt, Richard. A Cottage in Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996.■ Huggett, Frank. South of Lisbon: Winter Travels in Southern Portugal. London: Gollancz, 1960.■ Hume, Martin. Through Portugal. London: Richards, 1907.■ Hyland, Paul. Backwards Out of the Big World: A Voyage into Portugal. Hammersmith, U.K.: HarperCollins, 1996.■ Jackson, Catherine Charlotte, Lady. Fair Lusitania. London: Bentley, 1874.■ Kelly, Marie Node. This Delicious Land Portugal. London: Hutchinson, 1956.■ Kempner, Mary Jean. Invitation to Portugal. New York: Athenaeum, 1969.■ Kingston, William H. G. Lusitanian Sketches of the Pen and Pencil. 2 vol. London: Parker, 1845.■ Landmann, George. Historical, Military and Picturesque Observations on Portugal. 2 vol. London: Cadell and Davies, 1818.■ Latouche, John [Pseudonym of Oswald Crawfurd]. Travels in Portugal. London: Ward, Lock & Taylor, ca. 1874.■ Link, Henry Frederick. Travels in Portugal and France and Spain. London: Longman & Rees, 1801.■ Macauley, Rose. They Went to Portugal. London: Jonathan Cape, 1946.■. They Went to Portugal, Too. Manchester: Carcanet Books, 1990.■ Merle, Iris. Portuguese Panorama. London: Ouzel, 1958.■ Murphy, J. C. Travels in Portugal. London: 1795.■ Proper, Datus C. The Last Old Place: A Search through Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992.■ Quillinan, Dorothy [Wordsworth]. Journal of a Few Months in Portugal with Glimpses of the South of Spain. 2 vol. London: Moxon, 1847. Sitwell, Sacheverell. Portugal and Madeira. London: Batsford, 1954. Smith, Karine R. Until Tomorrow: Azores and Portugal. Snohomish, Wash.: Snohomish Publishing, 1978. Southey, Robert. Journals of a Residence in Portugal, 1800-1801 and a Visit to France, 1838. London and New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1912. Thomas, Gordon Kent. Lord Byron's Iberian Pilgrimage. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1983. Twiss, Richard. Travels through Portugal and Spain in 1772-1773. London, 1775.■ Watson, Gilbert. Sunshine and Sentiment in Portugal. London: Arnold, 1904. Wheeler, Douglas L. "A[n American] Fulbrighter in Lisbon, Portugal, 196162." Portuguese Studies Review 1 (1991): 9-16.■ PORTUGUESE CARTOGRAPHY, DISCOVERIES, AND NAVIGATION■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Curso de História de Naútica. Coimbra, 1972.■. Introdução a história dos descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Mem Martins, 1983.■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon: Alfa, 1983.■. Portuguese Books on Nautical Science from Pedro Nunes to 1650. Lisbon, 1984.■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1985.■ Boorstin, Daniel. The Discoverers. New York: Random House, 1983. Boxer, C. R. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, 1415-1825. London: Hutchinson, 1969.■ Brazão, Eduardo. La découverte de Terre-Neuve. Montreal: Les Presses de l'Université, 1964.■. "Les Corte-Real et le Nouveau Monde." Revue d'histoire d'Amérique Française 19, 1 (1965): 335-49. Cortesão, Armando, and Avelino Teixeira de Mota. Cartografia Portuguesa Antiga. Lisbon, 1960.■. Portugalia Monumenta Cartográfica, 6 vols. Lisbon, 1960-62.■. História da Cartografia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Coimbra, 1969-70.■ Cortesão, Jaime. L'expansion des portugais dans l'historie de la civilisation. Brussels, 1930.■. Os descobrimentos portugueses, 2 vols. V. Magalhães Godinho and Joel Serrão, eds. Lisbon, 1960.■. A expansão dos Portugueses no período henriquinho. Lisbon, 1965.■. Descobrimentos precolombanos dos portugueses. Lisbon, 1966.■ Costa, Abel Fontoura da. A Marinharia dos Descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1960.■ Costa Brochado, Idalino F. Descobrimento do Atlântico. Lisbon, 1958. English ed., 1959-60.■ Coutinho, Admiral Gago. A naútica dos descobrimentos, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1951-52.■ Crone, G. R. Maps and Their Makers. New York: Capricorn Books, 1966.■ Dias, José S. da Silva. 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Brother Luiz de Sousa [play]. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: Elkin Mathess, 1909.■. Travels in My Homeland. John M. Parker, trans. London: Peter Owen and UNESCO, 1987. Griffin, Jonathan. Camões: Some Poems Translated from the Portuguese by Jonathan Griffin. London: Menard Press, 1976. Jorge, Lídia. The Murmuring Coast. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995.■ Lisboa, Eugénio, ed. Portuguese Short Fiction. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1997.■ Lopes, Fernão. The English in Portugal 1367-87: Extracts from the Chronicles of Dom Fernando and Dom João. Derek W. Lomax and R. J. Oakley, eds. and trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.■ Macedo, Helder, ed. Contemporary Portuguese Poetry: An Anthology in English. Helder Macedo, et al., trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet New Press, 1978.■ Martins, J. P. De Oliveira. A History of Iberian Civilization. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans.; preface by Salvador de Madariaga. New York: Cooper Square, 1969.■ Mendes Pinto, Fernão. 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Bishko, Charles Julian. Spanish and Portuguese Monastic History 600-1300. London, Variorum Reprints, 1984.■ Blanshard, Paul. Freedom and Catholic Power in Spain and Portugal. Boston: Beacon Press, 1962.■ Boxer, C. R. The Church Militant and Iberian Expansion 1440-1770. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978. Bruneau, Thomas C. "Church and State in Portugal: Crises of Cross and Sword." Journal of Church and State XVIII (1976): 463-90. Freire, José Geraldes. Resistência Católico ao Salazarismo-Marcelismo. Oporto, 1976.■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. John C. Banner, trans. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1962.■ IPOPE. Estudo sobre liberdade e religião em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973. Johnston, Francis. Fátima: The Great Sign. Chulmleigh, U.K.: Augustine Publications, 1980.■ Kondor, Fr. Louis. Fátima in Lucia's Own Words: Sister Lucia's Memoirs. Fatima: Postulation Center, 1976. Lourenço, Joaquim Maria. Situação jurídica da Igreja em Portugal. Coimbra, 1943.■ Mattoso, José. Religião e Cultura na Idade Média Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1982. Miller, Samuel J. Portugal and Rome c. 1748-1830: An Aspect of Catholic Enlightenment. Rome: Universita Gregoriana Editrice, 1978. O'Malley, John W. The First Jesuits. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993.■ Pattee, Richard. Portugal and the Portuguese World. Milwaukee, Wisc.: Bruce, 1957.■ Prestage, Edgar. Portugal: A Pioneer of Christianity. Lisbon, 1945.■ Richard, Robert. Etudes sur l'histoire morale et religieuse de Portugal. Paris: Centro Cultural de Gulbenkian, 1970.■ Robinson, Richard A. H. "The Religious Question and Catholic Revival in Portugal, 1900-1930." Journal of Contemporary History XII (1977): 345-62.■. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.■ Rodrigues, R. P. Francisco. História da Companhia de Jesus na Assistência de Portugal, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1931-50.■ Roth, Cecil. A History of the Marranos. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1932.■ Agriculture, Viticulture, and Fishing■ Abreu-Ferreira, Darlene. "The Portuguese in Newfoundland: Documentary Evidence Examined." Portuguese Studies Review 4, 1 (1995-96): 11-33.■ Allen, H. Warner. The Wines of Portugal. London: Michael Joseph, 1963.■ Barros, Afonso de. A reforma agrária em Portugal. Oeiras, 1979.■ Beamish, Huldine V. The Hills of Alentejo. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1958.■ Bennett, Norman R. "The Golden Age of the Port Wine System, 1781-1807." The International History Review XII (1990): 221-18.■ Black, Richard. "The Myth of Subsistence: Market Production in the Small Farm Sector of Northern Portugal." Iberian Studies 1, 8 (1989): 25-41.■ Bravo, Pedro, and Duarte de Oliveira. Viticulture Moderna. Lisbon, 1974.■. Vinhas e Vinhos De Portugal. Lisbon, 1979.■ Cabral, Manuel V. "Agrarian Structures and Recent Movements in Portugal." Journal of Peasant Studies 4, 5 (July 1978): 411-45.■ Cardoso, José Carvalho. A Agricultura Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1973.■ Carvalho, Bento de. Guía Dos Vinhos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.■ Clarke, Robert. Open Boat Whaling in the Azores: The History and Present Methods of a Relic Industry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954.■ Cockburn, Ernest. Port Wine and Oporto. London: Wine & Spirit, 1949. Cole, S. C. "Cod, Cod Country and Family: The Portuguese Newfoundland Fishery." Mast 3, 1 (1990): 1-29.■ Coull, James. The Fisheries of Europe. London: G. Bell & Sons, 1972.■ Croft-Cooke, Rupert. Port. London: Putnam, 1957.■. Madeira. London: Putnam, 1961.■ Delaforce, John. The Factory House at Oporto. London: Christie's Wine Publications, 1979 and later eds.■ Doel, Patricia A. Port O'Call: Memories of the Portuguese White Fleet in St. John's Newfoundland. St. John's, Newfoundland: ISER, 1992.■ Fletcher, Wyndham. Port: An Introduction to Its History and Delights. London: Bernet, 1978.■ Francis, A. D. The Wine Trade. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1972.■ Freitas, Eduardo, João Ferreira de Almeida, and Manuel Villaverde Cabral. Modalidades de penetração do capitalismo na agricultura: estruturas agrárias em Portugal Continental, 1950-1970. Lisbon, 1976.■ Gonçalves, Francisco Esteves. Portugal: A Wine Country. Lisbon, 1984.■ Gulbenkian Foundation. Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.■ Kurlansky, Mark. Cod: A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World. New York: Walker, 1997.■ Malefakis, Edward. "Two Iberian Land Reforms Compared: Spain, 1931-1936 and Portugal, 1974—1978." In Gulbenkian Foundation, Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.■ Moutinho, M. História da pesca do bacalhau. Lisbon: Imprensa Universitária, 1985.■ Oliveira Marques, A. H. de. lntrodução a história da agricultura em Portugal.■ Lisbon, 1968. Pato, Octávio. O Vinho. Lisbon, 1971.■ Pearson, Scott R. Portuguese Agriculture in Transition. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987.■ Postgate, Raymond. Portuguese Wine. London: Dent, 1969.■ Read, Jan. The Wines of Portugal. London: Faber & Faber, 1982.■ Robertson, George. Port. London: Faber & Faber, 1982 ed.■ Rutledge, Ian. "Land Reform and the Portuguese Revolution." Journal of Peasant Studies 5, 1 (Oct. 1977): 79-97.■ Sanceau, Elaine. The British Factory at Oporto. Oporto, 1970.■ Simon, Andre L. Port. London: Constable, 1934.■ Simões, J. Os grandes trabalhadores do Mar: Reportagens na Terra Nova e na Groenlândia. Lisbon: Gazeta dos Caminho de Ferro, 1942.■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992: Special Report. New York: Camões Center/RIIC, Columbia University, 1990.■ Stanislawski, Dan. Landscapes of Bacchus: The Vine in Portugal. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1970.■ Teixeira, Carlos, and Victor M. Pereira da Rosa, eds. The Portuguese in Canada: From the Seat to the City. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.■ Unwin, Tim. "Farmers' Perceptions of Agrarian Change in Northwest Portugal." Journal of Rural Studies 1, 4 (1985): 339-57.■ Valadão do Valle, E. Bacalhau: tradições históricas e económicos. Lisbon, 1991.■ Venables, Bernard. Baleia! The Whalers of Azores. London: Bodley Head, 1968.■ Villiers, Alan. The Quest of the Schooner Argus: A Voyage to the Banks and Greenland. New York: Scribners, 1951. World Bank. Portugal: Agricultural Survey. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.■ ECONOMY, INDUSTRY, AND DEVELOPMENT■ Aiyer, Srivain, and Shahid A. Chandry. Portugal and the E.E.C.: Employment and Implications. Lisbon, 1979.■ Baklanoff, Eric N. The Economic Transformation of Spain and Portugal. New York: Praeger, 1978.■. "Changing Systems: The Portuguese Revolution and the Public Enterprise Sector." ACES ( Association of Comparative Economic Studies) Bulletin 26 (Summer-Fall 1984): 63-76.■. "Portugal's Political Economy: Old and New." In K. Maxwell and M. Haltzel, eds., Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy, 37-59. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.■ Barbosa, Manuel P. Growth, Migration and the Balance of Payments in a Small, Open Economy. New York: Garland, 1984.■ Braga de Macedo, Jorge, and Simon Serfaty, eds. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1981.■ Carvalho, Camilo, et al. Sabotagem Econômica: " Dossier" Banco Espírito Santo e Comercial de Lisboa. Lisbon, 1975.■ Corkill, David. The Development of the Portuguese Economy: A Case of Euro-peanization. London: Routledge, 1999.■ Cravinho, João. "The Portuguese Economy: Constraints and Opportunities." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 111-65. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.■ Dornsbusch, Rudiger, Richard S. Eckhaus, and Lane Taylor. "Analysis and Projection of Macroeconomic Conditions in Portugal." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 299-330. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.■ The Economist (London). "On the Edge of Europe: A Survey of Portugal." (June 30, 1981): 3-27.■. "Coming Home: A Survey of Portugal." (May 28, 1988).■. 'The New Iberia: Not Quite Kissing Cousins" [Spain and Portugal]. (May 5, 1990): 21-24.■ Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian and German Marshall Fund of the U.S., eds. II Conferência Internacional sobre e Economia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1979.■ Hudson, Mark. Portugal to 1993: Investing in a European Future. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit/Special Report No. 11 57/EIU Economic Prospects Series, 1989.■ International Labour Office (ILO). Employment and Basic Needs in Portugal. Geneva: ILO, 1979.■ Kavalsky, Basil, and Surendra Agarwal. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.■ Krugman, Paul, and Jorge Braga de Macedo. "The Economic Consequences of the April 25th Revolution." Economia III (1979): 455-83.■ Lewis, John R., and Alan M. Williams. "The Sines Project: Portugal's Growth Centre or White Elephant?" Town Planning Review 56, 3 (1985): 339-66.■ Makler, Harry M. "The Consequences of the Survival and Revival of the Industrial Bourgeoisie." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 251-83. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.■ Marques, A. La Politique Economique Portugaise dans la Période de la Dictature ( 1926-1974). Doctoral thesis, 3rd cycle, University of Grenoble, France, 1980.■ Martins, B. Sociedades e grupos em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973.■ Mata, Eugenia, and Nuno Valério. História Econômica De Portugal: Uma Perspectiva Global. Lisbon: Edit. Presença, 1994. Murteira, Mário. "The Present Economic Situation: Its Origins and Prospects." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 331-42. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979. OCED. Economic Survey: Portugal: 1988. Paris: OCED, 1988 [see also this series since 1978].■ Pasquier, Albert. L'Economie du Portugal: Données et Problémes de Son Expansion. Paris: Librarie Generale de Droit, 1961. Pereira da Moura, Francisco. Para onde vai e economia portuguesa? Lisbon, 1973.■ Pintado, V. Xavier. Structure and Growth of the Portuguese Economy. Geneva: EFTA, 1964.■ Pitta e Cunha, Paulo. "Portugal and the European Economic Community." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 321-38. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.■. "The Portuguese Economic System and Accession to the European Community." In E. Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 281-300. Lisbon, 1985. Porto, Manuel. "Portugal: Twenty Years of Change." In Alan Williams, ed., Southern Europe Transformed, 84-112. London: Harper & Row, 1984. Quarterly Economic Review. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit, 1974-present.■ Salgado de Matos, Luís. Investimentos Estrangeiros em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973 and later eds.■ Schmitt, Hans O. Economic Stabilisation and Growth in Portugal. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 1981.■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992. New York: Camões Center, RIIC, Columbia University, 1989.■ Tillotson, John. The Portuguese Bank Note Case [ 1920s]: Legal, Economic and Financial Approaches to the Measure of Damages in Contract. Manchester, U.K.: Faculty of Law, University of Manchester, 1992.■ Tovias, Alfred. Foreign Economic Relations of the Economic Community: The Impact of Spain and Portugal. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1990.■ Valério, Nuno. A moeda em Portugal, 1913-1947. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1984.■. As Finanças Públicas Portuguesas Entre As Duas Guerras Mundiais. Lisbon: Cosmos, 1994.■ World Bank. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978 and to the present.■ PHOTOGRAPHY ON PORTUGAL■ Alves, Afonso Manuel, Antônio Sacchetti, and Moura Machado. Lisboa. Lisbon, 1991.■ Antunes, José. Lisboa do nosso olhar; A look on Lisbon. Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1991. Beaton, Cecil. Near East. London: Batsford, 1943.■. Lisboa 1942: Cecil Beaton, Lisbon 1942. Lisbon: British Historical Society of Portugal/Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1995.■ Bottineau, Yves. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1957.■ Câmara Municipal de Lisboa. 7 Olhares ( Seven Viewpoints). Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1998.■ Capital, A. Lisboa: Imagens d'A Capital. Lisbon: Edit. Notícias, 1984.■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Photographias de Lisboa, 1900 ( Photographs of Lisbon, 1900). Lisbon: Quimera, 1991.■. Os melhores postais antigos de Lisboa ( The best old postcards of Lisbon). Lisbon: Químera, 1995.■ Finlayson, Graham, and Frank Tuohy. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1970.■ Glassner, Helga. Portugal. Berlin-Zurich: Atlantis-Verlag, 1942. Hopkinson, Amanda, ed. Reflections by Ten Portuguese photographers. Bark-way, U.K.: Frontline/Portugal 600, 1996.■ Lima, Luís Leiria, and Isabel Salema. Lisboa de Pedra e Bronze. Lisbon, 1990.■ Martins, Miguel Gomes. Lisboa ribeirinha ( Riverside Lisbon). Lisbon: Arquivo Municipal, Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, Livros Horizonte, 1994. Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa ( This Lisbon). Lisbon: Caminho, 1994. Wohl, Hellmut, and Alice Wohl. Portugal. London: Frederick Muller, 1983.■ EQUESTRIANISM■ Andrade, Manoel Carlos de, Luz da Liberal e Nobre Arte da Cavallaria. Lisbon, 1790.■ Graciosa, Filipe. Escola Portuguesa de Arte Equestre. Lisbon, 2004.■ Horsetalk Magazine. Published in New Zealand.■ Oliveira, Nuno. Reflections on the Equestrian Art. London, 2000.■ Russell, Eleanor, ed. The Truth in the Teaching of Nuno Oliveira. Stanhope,■ Queensland, Australia, 2003. Vilaca, Luis V., and Pedro Yglesias d'Oliveira, eds. LUSITANO. Coudelarias De Portugal. O Cavalo ancestral do Sudoeste da Europa. Lisbon: ICONOM, 2005.■ Websites of interest: www.equestrian.pt portugalweb.comHistorical dictionary of Portugal > CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE
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